Endemic Goitre in Sri Lanka

Fernando, M.A.S.T.; Balasuriya, S.; Herath, K.B.; Katugampola, Sudharma

doi:10.1177/101053958900300103

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We examined a total of 683 girls between the ages of 10.8 and 17.5 years, from five different regions of Sri Lanka, chosen for the low (two regions), intermediate (one region) and high (two regions) prevalence of goitre as indicated in a previous study (14). Four hundred and one girls were examined in January 1998 and 282 were studied in January 2001 ( Table 1).…”

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four hundred and one girls were examined in January 1998 and 282 were studied in January 2001 ( Table 1). The two groups of schoolgirls were of a similar ethnic background and from regions comparable for iodine status and former prevalence of goitre (14). A cohort of 42 schoolgirls (all positive for thyroid Ab in 1998) were studied sequentially during the 3-year follow-up.…”

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of thyroid autoimmunity during iodine prophylaxis--the Sri Lankan experience

Mazziotti

Premawardhana

Parkes

et al. 2003

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To study the evolution of thyroid autoimmunity, in relation to the change in goitre prevalence, during 3 years of iodine prophylaxis in Sri Lanka. Methods: Two groups of Sri Lankan schoolgirls between the ages of 10.8 and 17.5 years were studied in 1998 (401 girls) and 2001 (282 girls). A prospective study was performed in 42 schoolgirls who were thyroid autoantibody (Ab)-positive (þ ve) in 1998. Anthropometric measures, urinary iodine excretion (UIE), thyroid volume, free thyroxine, free tri-iodothyronine, TSH, and thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Ab were evaluated in all 683 girls. Results: Goitre prevalence was significantly lower in 2001 compared with 1998 related to age (2.9% compared with 20.2%) and body surface area (11.6% compared with 40.8%), although UIE was Conclusions: This study demonstrates that: (1) in 2001, goitre prevalence and thyroid autoimmunity rates were significantly lower than in 1998; (2) the pattern of thyroid Ab was different in the two surveys; (3) in 2001 alone, the occurrence of hypothyroidism was correlated with the presence of thyroid autoimmunity. These results indicate an evolution of thyroid autoimmune markers during the course of iodine prophylaxis, which has not been described before.

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Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of thyroid autoimmunity during iodine prophylaxis--the Sri Lankan experience

Mazziotti

Premawardhana

Parkes

et al. 2003

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Goitre Goitre Location Code Rate % Ref. Fernando et al (1989), 4. Mahadeva and Senthe Shanmuganathan (1967), 5.…”

Section: Risk Assessment and Potential Remediation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and iodine in soil, rice and drinking water in relation to endemic goitre in Sri Lanka

Fordyce

Johnson

Navaratna

et al. 2000

Science of The Total Environment

110

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Endemic goitre has been reported in the climatic Wet Zone of south-west Sri Lanka for the past 50 years, but rarely occurs in the northern Dry Zone. Despite government sponsored iodised salt programmes, endemic goitre is still prevalent. In recent years, it has been suggested that Se deficiency may be an important factor in the onset of goitre and other iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Prior to the present study,

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“…The prevalence of goitre, estimated by palpation, was high in some parts of Sri Lanka (ranging between 6.5 to 30.2%) in a survey conducted in 1987 (1). Anecdotal evidence suggested that iodine de®ciency was the underlying cause, but features such as a very high prevalence in coastal towns has raised the possibility that other factors may have in¯uenced goitre formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased prevalence of thyroglobulin antibodies in Sri Lankan schoolgirls--is iodine the cause?

Premawardhana

Parkes

Smyth

et al. 2000

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Iodine de®ciency was the likely cause of a high prevalence of goitre previously in Sri Lankan schoolchildren. Salt iodination was made compulsory in 1993 but there has been no recent study, using modern techniques, of its bene®ts or harmful effects. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-seven schoolgirls between the ages of 11 and 16 years had ultrasound thyroid volume, free thyroxine (T4), free tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyrotrophin (TSH), antithyroglobulin (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) antibodies, and urine iodine concentrations measured. Results: Median ultrasound thyroid volume ranged from 4.8 ml (11-year-old girls) to 8.6 ml (16-yearold girls) with an age-related increase. Median urine iodine concentrations ranged from 105 to152 mg/ l. Free T4 and free T3 were normal in all, but TSH was elevated in four subjects (5.53±41.29 mU/l). However, the prevalence of TgAb was markedly raised, ranging between 14.3% (11-year-old girls) and 69.7% (16-year-old girls) (P<0.03). In contrast, the prevalence of TPOAb was 10% or less in all age groups. Conclusions: Normal median thyroid volumes, iodine concentrations and thyroid function would indicate that iodine de®ciency is not a major problem in this group. The high prevalence of TgAb, hitherto unreported, most likely re¯ects excessive iodination of Tg resulting in increased immunogenicity. There is an urgent need to continuously monitor the adequacy and risks of iodination in this population.

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Endemic Goitre in Sri Lanka

Cited by 30 publications

References 3 publications

Evolution of thyroid autoimmunity during iodine prophylaxis--the Sri Lankan experience

Evolution of thyroid autoimmunity during iodine prophylaxis--the Sri Lankan experience

Selenium and iodine in soil, rice and drinking water in relation to endemic goitre in Sri Lanka

Increased prevalence of thyroglobulin antibodies in Sri Lankan schoolgirls--is iodine the cause?

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