Endemism and conservation of Amazon palms

Alvez-Valles, Carlos Mariano; Balslev, Henrik; Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim; García‐Villacorta, Roosevelt; Grandez, C.; Neto, Luiz Menini

doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1463-0

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the BCF, as we move from smaller to larger cells, the number of AoE, Endemicity Score (ES) values, and species number per AoE increase, as previously reported by Casagranda et al (2009), DaSilva et al 2015, Prado et al (2015), andAlvez-Valles et al (2018). This increase in AoE, ES, and species number per AoE results from the fact that larger cells harbor more species occurrences, which sum up to a higher ES, leading to recover more AoE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Angiosperm endemism in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hot-point

et al. 2020

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Given the importance of understanding endemic species distribution for conservation strategies and the status of the Atlantic Forest as a conservation hotspot, we carried out a study to evaluate where are located the areas of endemism (AoE) at Bahia Coastal Forests (BCF), a threatened and species rich area of this hotspot. To achieve this aim, we recovered and filtered the occurrence data of 547 angiosperm taxa endemic to BCF and applied endemicity analyses using different grid cell sizes (5′ × 5′, 10′ × 10′, and 15′ × 15′) and data extrapolation options. A consensus rule was applied to the resulting areas, joining AoE that shared at least 40% of its species. Most of the recovered AoE are located in the central region of BCF, which might be related to a higher humidity compared to northern and southern areas, which had fewer areas recovered. These results could also reflect the higher sampling effort in the central region of BCF, as this area had most intensive botanical studies so far. The use of extrapolation options generated more AoE regardless of cell size; this technique indicated potential AoE that would not have been detected otherwise due to low sampling effort, such as the vicinities of Wenceslau Guimarães at northwestern BCF. We recommend that more botanical exploration should be done at BCF northern and southern areas to overcome sampling bias and define more accurately the number and limits of AoE, highlighting the need for more focused conservation strategies in this hot-point within the Atlantic Forest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Angiosperm endemism in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hot-point

et al. 2020

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“…Our results added evidence to a pattern of geographic correlation between high genetic diversity and high species diversity (Lankau & Strauss, ; Palma‐Silva et al., ; Vellend & Geber, ); however, we did not test this correlation statistically. In this study, we reported a genetic diversity hot spot of O. bataua in the Peruvian rain forest around Iquitos (Intuto and Jenaro Herrera populations), which spatially coincides with the high palm and tree species diversity found in these forests (Alvez‐Valles et al., ; Gentry, ; Kristiansen et al., ; Ter Steege et al., ; Valencia, Balslev, & Paz y Miño, ; Vormisto, Svenning, Hall, & Balslev, ). High genetic diversity has been also identified in cultivated cacao within this area (Motamayor et al., ; Sereno, Albuquerque, Vencovsky, & Figueira, ; Thomas et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Genetic structuring in a Neotropical palm analyzed through an Andean orogenesis‐scenario

Escobar

Pintaud

Balslev

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Andean orogenesis has driven the development of very high plant diversity in the Neotropics through its impact on landscape evolution and climate. The analysis of the intraspecific patterns of genetic structure in plants would permit inferring the effects of Andean uplift on the evolution and diversification of Neotropical flora. In this study, using microsatellite markers and Bayesian clustering analyses, we report the presence of four genetic clusters for the palm Oenocarpus bataua var. bataua which are located within four biogeographic regions in northwestern South America: (a) Chocó rain forest, (b) Amotape‐Huancabamba Zone, (c) northwestern Amazonian rain forest, and (d) southwestern Amazonian rain forest. We hypothesize that these clusters developed following three genetic diversification events mainly promoted by Andean orogenic events. Additionally, the distinct current climate dynamics among northwestern and southwestern Amazonia may maintain the genetic diversification detected in the western Amazon basin. Genetic exchange was identified between the clusters, including across the Andes region, discarding the possibility of any cluster to diversify as a distinct intraspecific variety. We identified a hot spot of genetic diversity in the northern Peruvian Amazon around the locality of Iquitos. We also detected a decrease in diversity with distance from this area in westward and southward direction within the Amazon basin and the eastern Andean foothills. Additionally, we confirmed the existence and divergence of O. bataua var. bataua from var. oligocarpus in northern South America, possibly expanding the distributional range of the latter variety beyond eastern Venezuela, to the central and eastern Andean cordilleras of Colombia. Based on our results, we suggest that Andean orogenesis is the main driver of genetic structuring and diversification in O. bataua within northwestern South America.

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“…In the same way, the eastern Amazon (Gurupi sub-region) (Fig. 2D) has low palm richness and lacks endemism due to its environmental homogeneity, sedimentation, and floodplains around the mouth of the Amazon River (Pintaud et al 2008;Alvez-Valles et al 2018). Besides, the south-eastern Amazon (plateau sub-region) ( Fig.…”

Section: How Is Palm Species Richness Distributed In the Amazon Region?mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…al. 2004) and that region presents one of the richest palm floras in the Neotropical region, with at least 121 species and 33 genera (Montufar & Pintaud 2006), as well as high endemism rates (Alvez-Valles et al 2018). The north-western Amazon has a more recent relationship with Central America and the western Andes of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia (Amorin 2001).…”

Section: How Is Palm Species Richness Distributed In the Amazon Region?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some evident biogeographical patterns for palms in the Amazon region, whose diversity follows a gradient of rainfall with the humid areas being much richer, except for genera as Attalea sensu stricto and Syagrus which both show opposite tendencies (Pintaud et al 2008). The western Amazon is distinguished by endemism at the generic level (e.g., Aphandra, Itaya, Wendlandiella) and especially by a high level of species endemism (Alvez-Valles et al 2018). The central Amazon region also has its own endemisms, but at the species level (e.g., Astrocaryum ferrugineum, A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palm species richness, latitudinal gradients, sampling effort, and deforestation in the Amazon region

et al. 2018

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Palms are most diverse in warm and humid regions near the equator. Though palms remain relatively well conserved, they are under increasing pressure from deforestation. Here, we analyze patterns of palm species richness relative to latitudinal gradient, sampling effort, and deforestation in the Amazon, and compare patterns of richness and floristic similarity among Amazonian sub-regions. We built a database of 17,310 records for 177 species. The areas with the greatest richness were in the western, central and northeastern Amazon, principally at latitudes 0-5ºS. Species richness and the number of records were highly correlated (R 2 =0.76, P<0.005). The highest rates of deforestation (>2000 km 2) were found in the southern and eastern Amazon of Brazil, which coincide with low richness and gaps in records. Similarity analyzes resulted in two groups of sub-regions: the first included the Amazon s.s., the Andes and the Guiana, while the second included the Plateau and Gurupi. We conclude that the highest species richness is at low latitudes, and observed richness is affected by sampling effort and is vulnerable to deforestation. Therefore, areas with low species richness, especially areas with data deficiency, need to be further studied for a better understanding of their patterns of diversity and richness.

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Endemism and conservation of Amazon palms

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Angiosperm endemism in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hot-point

Angiosperm endemism in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hot-point

Genetic structuring in a Neotropical palm analyzed through an Andean orogenesis‐scenario

Palm species richness, latitudinal gradients, sampling effort, and deforestation in the Amazon region

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