Endemism in historical biogeography and conservation biology: concepts and implications

Fattorini, Simone

doi:10.21426/b632136433

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(264 reference statements)

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“…And despite the abundance of conceptual discussions (e.g. Linder, ; Hausdorf, ; Crother and Murray, , ; DaSilva et al., ; Murray and Crother, ; Fattorini, ) and methods to identify AEs (Hausdorf and Hennig, ; Giokas and Sfenthourakis, ; Oliveira et al., ), it is unfortunate that the analogy between taxa and areas continues to be pushed and applied with inadequate methodology. Hovenkamp () provided lucid criticisms of this analogy, but his paper continues being incorrectly quoted as merely a critique of the existence of AEs.…”

Section: Final Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Areas of endemism: to overlap or not to overlap, that is the question

2018

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The concept of "areas of endemism", and the assumption that these patterns are always a consequence of vicariant events, are reviewed. This assumption is related to the idea that areas of endemism have well-defined limits and never share any surface with other areas of endemism because they must represent sister areas supported by sister taxa. Based on this idea, overlapping areas have been considered rarely, or ignored completely. Using a data set of mammals of North America, we test here whether the overlapping areas are indeed sister areas supported by sister taxa, thus evaluating whether vicariant events are commonly the factor producing areas of endemism.

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Section: Final Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Areas of endemism: to overlap or not to overlap, that is the question

2018

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“…We extracted occurrence data of insular birds and mammals from polygon ranges of the IUCN Red List (IUCN, ) and the BirdLife International (Handbook of the Birds of the World & BirdLife International, ). Among all species occurring on oceanic and continental islands, only insular endemic species were considered because of their key conservation interest (Fattorini, ). Overall, we considered a total of 1,788 bird and 968 mammal species endemic to one or several islands ( n = 4,348).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We extracted occurrence data of insular birds and mammals from polygon ranges of the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2018) (Fattorini, 2017). Overall, we considered a total of 1,788 bird and 968 mammal species endemic to one or several islands (n = 4,348).…”

Section: Occurrence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global changes threaten functional and taxonomic diversity of insular species worldwide

Leclerc

Villéger

Marino

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim The assessment of biodiversity patterns under global changes is currently biased towards taxonomic diversity, thus overlooking the ecological and functional aspects of species. Here, we characterized both taxonomic and functional diversity of insular biodiversity threatened by multiple threats. Location Worldwide islands (n = 4,348). Methods We analysed the relative importance of eleven major threats, including biological invasions or climate change, on 2,756 insular endemic mammals and birds. Species were functionally described using five ecological traits related to diet, habitat and body mass. We computed complementary taxonomic and functional diversity indices (richness, specialization, originality and vulnerability) of species pools affected by each threatening process to investigate relationships between diversity dimensions and threats. We also determined whether species‐specific traits are associated with specific threats. Results On average, 8% of insular endemic species at risk of extinction are impacted by threats, while 20% of their functional richness is affected. However, a marked disparity in functional richness values associated with each threat can be highlighted. In particular, cultivation and wildlife exploitation are the greatest threats to insular endemic species. Moreover, each threat may contribute to the loss of at least 10% of functional diversity, because it affects threatened species that support unique and extreme functions. Finally, we found complex patterns of species‐specific traits associated with particular threats that is not explain by the threatening processes (directly affecting survival or modifying habitat). For instance, cultivation threatens very large mammals, while urbanization threatens very small mammals. Main conclusions These findings reinforce the importance of exploring the vulnerability of biodiversity facets in the face of multiple threats. Anthropogenic pressures may result in a loss of unique functions within insular ecosystems, which provides important insights into the understanding of threatening processes at a global scale.

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“…Endemism (i.e. the condition of being restricted to a particular area with a prescribed extent) is a central concept in biogeography and conservation biology (Fattorini, ). In biogeographical analyses, phylogenetic and distributional information about the taxa that live in sets of endemic areas (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, geographical and ecological forms of isolation are considered to be major drivers of endemisation (i.e. the process that leads a taxon to be endemic to a given place, either because of evolution in situ [neoendemics] or the extinction in other places [palaeoendemics]; Fattorini, ), leading to the concentration of endemic forms in geographically isolated areas (such as islands and lakes) or ecologically isolated environments (such as high‐altitude or cave environments) (Steinbauer et al ., ). Although most of the research on endemicity has been centred on comparing areas in terms of their levels of endemism, a second possibility is to investigate how different taxa have different numbers of endemic species in a given area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic variation in levels of endemism: a case study of Italian tenebrionid beetles

Fattorini

Mantoni

Audisio

et al. 2019

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. Levels of endemism are usually expressed as percentage of endemics among all species recorded in a given area. Endemism levels also vary among taxa, yet inter-taxon variation in endemism levels has received much less attention.2. We used the Italian tenebrionids to investigate how endemism levels vary among different but related lineages. We evaluated endemism variations among taxonomic levels both as a percentage of endemics to the number of species included in a given taxon (i.e. the tendency of a taxon to produce endemics) and as a percentage to the total number of species (i.e. the importance of that taxon to the overall endemic component). We also considered the residuals of regression lines of endemics against non-endemics. We tested the influence of phylogenetic position, lifestyle, and body size on the percentage of endemics within genera.3. Use of percentages and residuals gave similar outcomes. Pimeliinae were the subfamily with the highest level of endemism. Erodiini, Pimeliini, Tentyriini, Asidini, Opatrini, and Pedinini were among the tribes with the highest endemism levels. Asida, Pimelia, Tentyria, and Opatrum were the genera with the highest levels of endemism.4. Phylogenetic position and body size affected significantly endemism levels, with genera including larger species being also those with higher endemism, whereas lifestyle was not significant. This suggests that endemism in the Italian tenebrionid beetles is phylogenetically constrained and that lines including larger species (which are possibly less subject to passive dispersal) tend to be richer in endemics, independently from their lifestyle.

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Endemism in historical biogeography and conservation biology: concepts and implications

Cited by 26 publications

References 155 publications

Areas of endemism: to overlap or not to overlap, that is the question

Areas of endemism: to overlap or not to overlap, that is the question

Global changes threaten functional and taxonomic diversity of insular species worldwide

Taxonomic variation in levels of endemism: a case study of Italian tenebrionid beetles

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