Endo- and Ectomycorrhizal Associations in Five Populus Species

Vozzo, J. A.; Hacskaylo, Edward

doi:10.2307/2484641

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, we did not measure the pH of the rhizosphere directly to determine whether it was different than that of the bulk soil, and it is well-established that some plants modify the rhizosphere pH (19). Populus is unusual among most higher plants because it can associate with both endomycorrhizal Glomeromycete fungi as well as ectomycorrhizal fungi in the Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina (30,51). The higher-level fungal communities observed in our study clearly differ between the rhizosphere and endosphere, even at broad taxonomic levels, and in some cases between the upland and bottomland locations (Fig.…”

Section: Vol 77 2011 Bacterial and Fungal Communities Of Populus Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Microbial Communities within the Endosphere and Rhizosphere of Populus deltoides Roots across Contrasting Soil Types

Gottel

Castro

Kerley

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

480

366

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The root-rhizosphere interface of Populus is the nexus of a variety of associations between bacteria, fungi, and the host plant and an ideal model for studying interactions between plants and microorganisms. However, such studies have generally been confined to greenhouse and plantation systems. Here we analyze microbial communities from the root endophytic and rhizospheric habitats of Populus deltoides in mature natural trees from both upland and bottomland sites in central Tennessee. Community profiling utilized 454 pyrosequencing with separate primers targeting the V4 region for bacterial 16S rRNA and the D1/D2 region for fungal 28S rRNA genes. Rhizosphere bacteria were dominated by Acidobacteria (31%) and Alphaproteobacteria (30%), whereas most endophytes were from the Gammaproteobacteria (54%) as well as Alphaproteobacteria (23%). A single Pseudomonas-like operational taxonomic unit (OTU) accounted for 34% of endophytic bacterial sequences. Endophytic bacterial richness was also highly variable and 10-fold lower than in rhizosphere samples originating from the same roots. Fungal rhizosphere and endophyte samples had approximately equal amounts of the Pezizomycotina (40%), while the Agaricomycotina were more abundant in the rhizosphere (34%) than endosphere (17%). Both fungal and bacterial rhizosphere samples were highly clustered compared to the more variable endophyte samples in a UniFrac principal coordinates analysis, regardless of upland or bottomland site origin. Hierarchical clustering of OTU relative abundance patterns also showed that the most abundant bacterial and fungal OTUs tended to be dominant in either the endophyte or rhizosphere samples but not both.Together, these findings demonstrate that root endophytic communities are distinct assemblages rather than opportunistic subsets of the rhizosphere.Populus is considered the model organism for the study of woody perennials (46) and represents the first tree genome to be fully sequenced (47). Populus has also received attention in bioenergy research for the production of cellulose-derived biofuels (47). Populus can be grown on land not suitable for food production and increase carbon sequestration, thus minimizing the competition between food and fuel production and reducing the carbon debt incurred through land use changes (39). Populus may also provide an ideal model for understanding a variety of plant-microbe interactions (45). Populus and other members of the Salicaceae are capable of establishing associations with both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (14) that may result in unique interactions between these fungi, as well as other endophytic and rhizospheric organisms and the host. Populus bacterial rhizosphere and endophytic constituents have received some attention due to their potential role in phytoremediation of industrial chemicals (33) and heavy metals (4), as well as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which benefit plants by providing fixed nitrogen and/or aiding resistance to infection by pathogens ...

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Section: Vol 77 2011 Bacterial and Fungal Communities Of Populus Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Microbial Communities within the Endosphere and Rhizosphere of Populus deltoides Roots across Contrasting Soil Types

Gottel

Castro

Kerley

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

480

366

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“…Carbon in ECM fungi cycles approximately every 4-5 years (Treseder et al 2004). FR turnover may also increase with ECM and VAM associations, as higher rates of root respiration was measured in mycorrhizal compared to non-mycorrhizal roots (Vozzo and Hacskaylo 1974). Management practices that increase available nutrients (i.e.…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Fine Root Dynamics in Populus Plantations

2006

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Production of native and hybridized varieties of Populus has received considerable interest in temperate regions as an alternative to agricultural crops and an additional wood source, while acting as a potential carbon (C) sink to offset emissions of fossil fuel-based greenhouse gases. Research of root system dynamics in Populus species is expanding, however, our understanding of the nature and role of fine roots (FR) is incomplete. The study objective, therefore, was to review the literature regarding FR production, mortality and longevity in Populus, and evaluate the magnitude and significance of the FR fraction to C sequestration. FRs, conventionally defined as less than 2 mm in diameter and responsible for water and nutrient uptake, are an essential component of the tree. Populus FRs are relatively short-lived, with reported lifespans ranging from 30 to 300 days, depending on root diameter, tree species and age, and soil environmental factors. Standing FR biomass fluctuates throughout the growing season. Fine root production generally peaks in mid-summer, and ranges between 1.0 and 5.0 mg ha À1 yr À1 , while FR mortality has less seasonal amplitude. Production and mortality dynamics in Populus are highly plastic in response to soil environmental conditions, and although opposing conclusions have been proposed, research suggests soil moisture and nitrogen to be most important. Results from the literature indicate annual FR turnover to the soil C pool may be small (0.2-1.6 mg C ha À1 yr À1 ), but substantial in maintaining or enhancing C levels in natural and managed stands of Populus.

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“…can develop dual mycorrhizal associations with ECM and AM fungi, however variable degrees of ECM and AM colonization have been observed in roots of various species and hybrids (Vozzo and Hacskalyo 1974;Khasa et al 2002;Rachwał et al 2003;Gehring et al2006;Karlinski et al 2010), suggesting differential predisposition of poplar genotypes to develop symbiotic associations with ECM or AM fungi. Natural tendency of poplar genotypes to develop symbiotic associations with ECM and AM fungi can be modified by environmental conditions, such as soil depth, soil moisture and contamination of soil with heavy metals (Karlinski et al 2010, and literature cited there).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of micropropagated Populus × canescens lines in metal-contaminated soils

et al. 2014

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Micropropagated grey poplar (Populus 9 canescens (Aiton) Sm.) plantlets selected during in vitro culture as tolerant to toxic Cu and Pb ions, as well as control plantlets, were inoculated ex vitro with selected strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Paxillus involutus) and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis BEG 87) or not inoculated, and were grown for 8 weeks in a growth chamber. Successfully acclimatized microplants were transferred to a greenhouse and grown for 16 weeks in unpolluted soil irrigated during the cultivation period with solutions containing high concentrations of Cu or Pb ions or in soil contaminated with Cu and Pb collected 1 km from a copper smelter. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation enhanced the survival rate of plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization. Poplar microplants inoculated with H. crustuliniforme and selected strains of P. involutus accumulated higher concentrations of Cu and Pb when grown in contaminated soils than the uninoculated plants and reduced concentration of the metals in the soils. In conclusion, grey poplar microplants tolerant to heavy metals and inoculated with appropriate ectomycorrhizal fungi can facilitate the adaptation of these plants to metal-polluted soils and may be used for afforestation and phytoremediation of polluted land.

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Endo- and Ectomycorrhizal Associations in Five Populus Species

Cited by 46 publications

References 5 publications

Distinct Microbial Communities within the Endosphere and Rhizosphere of Populus deltoides Roots across Contrasting Soil Types

Distinct Microbial Communities within the Endosphere and Rhizosphere of Populus deltoides Roots across Contrasting Soil Types

A Review of Fine Root Dynamics in Populus Plantations

Influence of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of micropropagated Populus × canescens lines in metal-contaminated soils

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