Endobronchial Lesions in HIV-infected Individuals

Judson, Marc A.; Sahn, Steven A.

doi:10.1378/chest.105.5.1314

Cited by 67 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In HIV-infected patients, R. equi infection usually presents as cavitary pneumonia with hilar lymphadenopathy [3], but in the case of our patient, it uncharacteristically produced an intraluminal mass. Rare cases of endobronchial infectious pseudotumors have been reported in HIV-infected patients [4]. A wide variety of inciting microbial agents have been associated with these pseudotumors, including CMV [5], HSV2 [6], atypical mycobacteria [7], and Pseudomonas [8], to name a few.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudotumor of the Tracheal-Laryngeal Junction with Unusual Morphologic Features Caused by Rhodococcus equi Infection

Akilesh

Cross

Kimmelshue

et al. 2011

Head and Neck Pathol

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Infectious pseudotumors are unusual proliferations of histiocytes in response to certain microbial organisms. Occasionally this process may involve large airways, producing a mass lesion that may cause respiratory obstruction. Infectious pseudotumors can be confused with malignancy in their radiologic appearance and clinical presentation. We present a case of an aggressive endotracheal pseudotumor associated with Rhodococcus equi infection in a patient with advanced HIV disease. Microscopically, the lesion was composed of sheets of epithelioid histiocytes with large, strongly eosinophilic intra-cytoplasmic granules and features of malakoplakia. In this report, we review the literature of these unusual lesions and compare them to cases of conventional malakoplakia involving the large airways. We also explore the pathogenetic mechanisms that may contribute to the distinctive histologic appearance of Rhodococcus-associated pseudotumors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudotumor of the Tracheal-Laryngeal Junction with Unusual Morphologic Features Caused by Rhodococcus equi Infection

Akilesh

Cross

Kimmelshue

et al. 2011

Head and Neck Pathol

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“…Predisposing factors for ATB are similar to those for IPA; however, certain patient groups are more likely to develop this entity. These include lung transplantation recipients, patients with AIDS and cancer patients with mediastinal involvement and/or treatment [59][60][61]. DENNING [62] proposed classifying ATB into three forms.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review

Kousha¹,

Tadi²,

Soubani³

2011

Eur Respir Rev

599

596

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Aspergillus is a mould which may lead to a variety of infectious, allergic diseases depending on the host's immune status or pulmonary structure. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurs primarily in patients with severe immunodeficiency. The significance of this infection has dramatically increased with growing numbers of patients with impaired immune state associated with the management of malignancy, organ transplantation, autoimmune and inflammatory conditions; critically ill patients and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appear to be at an increased risk. The introduction of new noninvasive tests, combined with more effective and better-tolerated antifungal agents, has resulted in lower mortality rates associated with this infection. Chronic necrotising aspergillosis is a locally invasive disease described in patients with chronic lung disease or mild immunodeficiency. Aspergilloma is usually found in patients with previously formed cavities in the lung, whereas allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus antigens, is generally seen in patients with atopy, asthma or cystic fibrosis. This review provides an update on the evolving epidemiology and risk factors of the major manifestations of Aspergillus lung disease and the clinical manifestations that should prompt the clinician to consider these conditions. Current approaches for the diagnosis and management of these syndromes are discussed.

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“…24 Pleural fluid characteristics are as follows: -pH mostly greater than 7.44 -mononuclear cell predominance -LDH between 111 and 330 IU/L -Glucose concentration > 3.3 mmol/l 21 Cytological examination of the fluid is unrewarding. 25 A percutaneous pleural biopsy cannot confirm the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma as the lesions are not found on the parietal pleura. 21 An open-lung biopsy confirms the diagnosis in 75% of cases, but owing to the risk/benefit ratio this procedure is of limited value.…”

Section: Kaposi's Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV infection is frequently complicated by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 25 with pulmonary involvement in 1 to 14% of cases. Pleural effusions are common and occur in 68% of thoracic NHL in patients with AIDS.5 Lymphoma-related effusions are usually small and bilateral.…”

Section: Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%