Endocannabinoid and nitric oxide interaction mediates food intake in neonatal chicken

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to investigate the interaction of the nitric oxide and cannabinoidergic systems on feeding behaviour in neonatal chicken. A total of 6 experiments were designed to evaluate the interaction between cannabinoidergic and nitrergic systems on food intake in 3-h food-deprived (FD3) neonatal chickens. In Experiment 1, chickens received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of saline, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (a CB1 receptor agonist, 2 µg), l-arginine (nitric oxide precursor, 200 nmol) and co-administration of 2-AG + l-arginine. In Experiment 2, ICV injection of saline, 2-AG (2 µg), l-NAME (a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, 100 nmol) and their combination (2-AG + l-NAME) were applied to the birds. In Experiment 3, injections were saline, CB65 (a CB2 receptor agonist, 1.25 µg), l-arginine (200 nmol) and CB65 + l-arginine. In Experiment 4, birds received ICV injection of saline, CB65 (1.25 µg), l-NAME (100 nmol) and CB65 + l-NAME. In Experiment 5, chickens were ICV injected with saline, l-arginine (800 nmol), SR141716A (a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, 6.25 µg) and l-arginine + SR141716A. In Experiment 6, birds were injected with saline, l-arginine (800 nmol), AM630 (a selective CB2 receptor antagonist, 5 µg) and l-arginine + AM630. Cumulative food intake was recorded until 2-h post injection. ICV injection of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists increased food intake. Co-injection of 2-AG + l-NAME increased the hyperphagic effects of CB1 receptors. CB2 receptor-induced food intake was not affected by co-administration of CB65 + l-NAME. l-Arginine decreased food intake and this effect was amplified by co-injection of l-arginine + SR141716A. However; CB2 receptor antagonists had no effect on l-arginine-induced hypophagia. The results suggest that there is an interaction between endogenous nitric oxide and the cannabinoidergic system on feeding behaviour which is mediated via CB1 receptors in the neonatal chicken.

Involvement of Gaba and Cannabinoid Receptors in Central Food Intake Regulation in Neonatal Layer Chicks: Role of CB1 and Gabaa Receptors

“…To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies describing the interaction between CBergic and GABAergic systems on food intake in FD 3 neonatal layer-type chickens. According to the results, ICV injection of CB 1 and CB 2 agonists amplified food consumption in layertype chicks which was similar to mammals (Chen et al, 2006;Wiley et al, 2012) and recent studies on layertype chicks (Alizadeh et al, 2015;Hassanpour et al, 2015). However, these results were dissimilar compared to broilers which only CB 2 receptors were responsible for feeding (Emadi et al, 2011;Novoseletsky et al, 2011).…”

“…Reports claim just CB 1 receptors have a regulatory role on appetite in broilers Novoseletsky et al, 2011). Recent reports revealed both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors have hyperphagic effect in neonatal layer-type chicken (Alizadeh et al, 2015;Hassanpour et al, 2015).…”

“…In each group, 12 birds received the injection, but just data of those individuals where the dye was present in their lateral ventricle (12 chickens per group), was used for the analysis. All experimental procedures were done from 8:00 A.M. until 3:30 P.M. Also, the time course for feeding behavior was selected by previous studies (Jonaidi et al, 2012;Zendehdel & Hassanpour 2014;Alimohammadi et al, 2015;Alizadeh et al, 2015;Hassanpour et al, 2015).…”

“…In other words, when an effective dose of a system was administered, the sub-effective dose of the other system was considered. These doses of drugs were determined according to the previous studies (Jonaidi et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2006;Emadi et al, 2011;Novoseletsky et al, 2011;Alizadeh et al, 2015;Hassanpour et al, 2015).…”

The interaction of central nitrergic and GABAergic systems on food intake in neonatal layer-type chicks

“…Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), NOS inhibitor, decreased food intake in rats (De Luca et al 1995) and avian species (Choi et al 1994) and NO is recognized as an orexigenic molecule. On the other hand, some studies in neonatal chicks showed contrary results and L-NAME stimulated food intake (Alimohammadi et al 2015;Hassanpour et al 2015) and NO Abstract Most physiological behaviors such as food intake are controlled by the hypothalamus and its nuclei. It has been demonstrated that injection of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus with nitric oxide (NO) donors elicited changes in the concentration of some amino acids, including GABA.…”