Endocannabinoid System Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of Developmental and Accumulative Effects of Trauma

Nia, Anahita Bassir; Bender, Ricci L.; Harpaz‐Rotem, Ilan

doi:10.1177/2470547019864096

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Finally, our results suggest that with regard to burnout symptoms, hair 2-AG/1-AG and cortisol are significant moderators of each other, which also corroborated the previous finding that changes in 2-AG levels following stress seem to be mediated by glucocorticoids (Nia et al, 2019). However, systematic interaction effects between these two parameters should be further examined in future research.…”

Section: Integration Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Yet, with respect to women, confounding factors such as sex hormone fluctuations might obscure this relation (Balsevich et al, 2017;Fiacco et al, 2019). Introducing more complexity with regard to the relation between the ECS and depression, recent findings suggest that a history of trauma influences basal endocannabinoid levels and CB1R availablility depending on the developmental stage (Nia et al, 2019).…”

Section: Integration Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disaggregating between- and within-person relations for depression and burnout symptoms with cumulative hair cortisol and endocannabinoid concentrations: A multilevel analysis of four annual assessment waves

Walther¹,

Kirschbaum²,

Wehrli³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is increasingly being recognized as key regulatory system coupled with the glucocorticoid system implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related mental disorders. However, prior studies examining the ECS in depression or burnout have been inconclusive, of small sample size or of cross-sectional nature limiting interpretations of causal inferences or time-dependent effects.Methods: In a prospective community based cohort study including 128 individuals (women: 108), depression (PHQ-9) and burnout symptoms (MBI-GS) as well as hair cortisol and endocannabinoids were measured annually over four years. Cortisol, arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol/1-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG/1-AG) were extracted from 3 cm hair segments reflecting cumulative concentrations of the last 3 months prior hair sampling.Results: Cross sectional group comparisons at baseline revealed reduced cortisol and AEA levels in the group with a positive major depressive disorder screening compared to individuals with low depression symptomatology (both p < .05). Cortisol was also reduced in the group with a positive burnout screening compared to individuals with a negative screening at baseline (p < .05). Longitudinal multilevel analysis, showed for the total sample that a within-person increase in burnout symptoms was associated with a decrease in cortisol levels over time (p < .05). In the male subsample, a between-person increase in AEA levels across time was associated with a decrease in depression symptoms and vice versa. However, a within-person increase of AEA levels across time was associated with an increase in depression symptoms and vice versa (both p < .05). Further, a within-person increase in burnout symptoms lead to a significant increase in AEA levels in the male subsample (p < .05).Conclusions: While cross-sectional analyses suggest higher depression or burnout symptomatology to be associated with reduced cortisol and AEA release, longitudinal analyses disaggregating between- and within-person effects reveal a complex pattern. A within-person increase in burnout symptoms precedes a decrease in cortisol secretion suggesting an exhaustion of the HPA axis. Between-person analysis show only for men a negative association between depression symptoms and AEA levels over time. However, within-person effects, indicate an increase in depression symptoms to preced and to follow an increase in AEA levels, suggesting a dynamic counterregulatory mechanism between the EC and depression in men differing on the between- and within-person levels. These longitudinal associations further elucidate the time and sex dependent relation between depression, burnout, glucocorticoid and endocannabinoid secretion.

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Section: Integration Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Integration Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaggregating between- and within-person relations for depression and burnout symptoms with cumulative hair cortisol and endocannabinoid concentrations: A multilevel analysis of four annual assessment waves

Walther¹,

Kirschbaum²,

Wehrli³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“… 67 , 68 Neurobiological symptoms are supported by animal model research, which correlates core PTSD symptomatology (e.g., mouse behaviors related to avoidance, fear extinction, arousal) to impaired neurocircuitry in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, caudate, and putamen. 69 …”

Section: Ptsd and Dysfunction In Reward System Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reward System and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Does Trauma Affect the Way We Interact With Positive Stimuli?

et al. 2021

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder and a highly debilitating condition. Although anhedonia is an important construct of the disorder, the relationship between PTSD and reward functioning is still under-researched. To date, the majority of research on PTSD has focused on fear: fear learning, maintenance, and extinction. Here we review the relevant literature—including clinical observations, self-report data, neuroimaging research, and animal studies—in order to examine the potential effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on the reward system. Our current lack of sufficient insight into how trauma affects the reward system is one possible hindrance to clinical progress. The current review highlights the need for further investigation into the complex relationship between exposure to trauma and the reward system to further our understandings of the ethology of PTSD.

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“…In this regard, a relevant association between ECS and PTSD was suggested providing interesting results about the potential development of new pharmacological approaches. Indeed, preclinical and clinical findings point out the involvement of certain ECS components in PTSD symptomatology, such as CB1r or FAAH, suggesting its potential role as biomarkers for PTSD (319,320).…”

Section: Post-traumatic Stress Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoid System Components as Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatry

et al. 2020

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Endocannabinoid System Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of Developmental and Accumulative Effects of Trauma

Cited by 25 publications

References 74 publications

Disaggregating between- and within-person relations for depression and burnout symptoms with cumulative hair cortisol and endocannabinoid concentrations: A multilevel analysis of four annual assessment waves

Disaggregating between- and within-person relations for depression and burnout symptoms with cumulative hair cortisol and endocannabinoid concentrations: A multilevel analysis of four annual assessment waves

The Reward System and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Does Trauma Affect the Way We Interact With Positive Stimuli?

Endocannabinoid System Components as Potential Biomarkers in Psychiatry

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