Endocannabinoids: Effectors of glucocorticoid signaling

Balsevich, Georgia; Petrie, Gavin N; Hill, Matthew N.

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.005

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 373 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Specific inhibitors of FKBP51 are now available, enabling animal models of long-term pain to be studied (Maiarù et al 2018). Recent studies show that functional interactions between glucocorticoid signaling and the endocannabinoid system are critical for a wide array of physiological processes (Balsevich et al 2017b). …”

Section: Substance P a Member Of The Tachykinin Peptide Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance P and pain chronicity

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Substance P (SP) is a highly conserved member of the tachykinin peptide family that is widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom. The numerous members of the tachykinin peptide family are involved in a multitude of neuronal signaling pathways, mediating sensations and emotional responses (Steinhoff et al. in Physiol Rev 94:265–301, 2014). In contrast to receptors for classical transmitters, such as glutamate (Parsons et al. in Handb Exp Pharmacol 249–303, 2005), only a minority of neurons in certain brain areas express neurokinin receptors (NKRs) (Mantyh in J Clin Psychiatry 63:6–10, 2002). SP is also expressed by a variety of non-neuronal cell types such as microglia, as well as immune cells (Mashaghi et al. in Cell Mol Life Sci 73:4249–4264, 2016). SP is an 11-amino acid neuropeptide that preferentially activates the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). It transmits nociceptive signals via primary afferent fibers to spinal and brainstem second-order neurons (Cao et al. in Nature 392:390–394, 1998). Compounds that inhibit SP’s action are being investigated as potential drugs to relieve pain. More recently, SP and NKR have gained attention for their role in complex psychiatric processes. It is a key goal in the field of pain research to understand mechanisms involved in the transition between acute pain and chronic pain. The influence of emotional and cognitive inputs and feedbacks from different brain areas makes pain not only a perception but an experience (Zieglgänsberger et al. in CNS Spectr 10:298–308, 2005; Trenkwaldner et al. Sleep Med 31:78–85, 2017). This review focuses on functional neuronal plasticity in spinal dorsal horn neurons as a major relay for nociceptive information.

show abstract

Section: Substance P a Member Of The Tachykinin Peptide Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance P and pain chronicity

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These increases appear to be relatively short-lived and return to baseline in many cases within hours. The primary mechanism mediating these increases is the release of glucocorticoid hormones (see Balsevich et al, 2017). Glucocorticoids increase 2-AG release through both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms that have yet to be fully described (Di et al, 2005(Di et al, , 2016Wamsteeker et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012), and acute stress-induced increases in amygdala 2-AG positively correlate with amygdala corticosterone levels (Bedse et al, 2017).…”

Section: Cannabinoids and Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Endocannabinoid Signaling and Cannabinoids into the Biology and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Hill

Campolongo

Yehuda

et al. 2017

Neuropsychopharmacol.

193

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to stress is an undeniable, but in most cases surmountable, part of life. However, in certain individuals, exposure to severe or cumulative stressors can lead to an array of pathological conditions including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by debilitating trauma-related intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, hyperarousal, as well as depressed mood and anxiety. In the context of the rapidly changing political and legal landscape surrounding use of cannabis products in the USA, there has been a surge of public and research interest in the role of cannabinoids in the regulation of stress-related biological processes and in their potential therapeutic application for stress-related psychopathology. Here we review the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in PTSD and the preclinical and clinical literature on the effects of cannabinoids and endogenous cannabinoid signaling systems in the regulation of biological processes related to the pathogenesis of PTSD. Potential therapeutic implications of the reviewed literature are also discussed. Finally, we propose that a state of endocannabinoid deficiency could represent a stress susceptibility endophenotype predisposing to the development of trauma-related psychopathology and provide biologically plausible support for the self-medication hypotheses used to explain high rates of cannabis use in patients with trauma-related disorders.

show abstract

“…GCs and DHEA are steroids. GCs and ECBs are strongly involved in energy metabolism in many body organs [Balsevich et al, 2017]. The peripheral role of GCs is to maintain blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis (mostly in the liver), and lipolysis, and by reducing glucose uptake.…”

Section: Energy Protection: Glucocorticoids (Gcs) Endocannabinoids mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brain, Explained: A Comprehensive Theory of Brain Function

Rappoport¹

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding brain function is one of the most important problems in human history. At present, there is no concrete theory for how the brain works. Here, a theory is presented that provides a detailed mechanistic biological account of the brain's capacities, including motor control, functional states, language, and thinking. Brain function is managed by a well-defined r e sponse ( R ) p r ocess t h at i s generally similar to the process underlying the immune system. The R process is strongly reflected in the brain's anatomy, physiology, and external i n teractions. Different R process stages are supported by distinct excitatory networks located in different cortical layers, hippocampal fields, and bagal ganglia paths, by distinct coordination networks comprised of GABAergic interneurons, and by distinct molecular agents. The roles of norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine and acetylcholine is to promote the alert, planning, goal-setting and execution R process modes, respectively. Opioids and oxytocin promote termination by success, failure, fight o r r un, w hile g lucocorticoids and cannabinoids suppress acute responses to protect cells. The R process has two instances occurring at different time scales. The millisecondscale Quax process implements the execution of hierarchical sequences of movements and thoughts, in which the selection of the next action is determined via interaction between top-down predictions and sensory inputs. The slower Need process controls the satisfaction of internal and external needs. The theory differs from the existing standard accounts in many of the major topics (e.g., the basal ganglia, dopamine, language), and shows how cognition results from biological processes.

show abstract

Endocannabinoids: Effectors of glucocorticoid signaling

Cited by 58 publications

References 373 publications

Substance P and pain chronicity

Substance P and pain chronicity

Integrating Endocannabinoid Signaling and Cannabinoids into the Biology and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

The Brain, Explained: A Comprehensive Theory of Brain Function

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About