Endochitinase 1 (Tv-ECH1) from Trichoderma virens has high subsite specificities for acetylated units when acting on chitosans

Bußwinkel, Franziska; Goñi, Oscar; Cord‐Landwehr, Stefan; O’Connell, Shane; Moerschbacher, Bruno M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.070

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…GH18 chitinases exhibit a characteristic substrate specificity. They preferentially bind acetylated substrate units, but their -2, +1 and +2 subsites can also accept deacetylated substrate units, especially if the degree of acetylation of the substrate (DA) is low, such as with chitosan (Busswinkel et al ., 2018). In contrast, the -1 subsite strictly requires acetylated units for catalysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved transcriptomics reveal a mechanism of host niche defense: beneficial root endophytes deploy a host-protective antimicrobial GH18-CBM5 chitinase

Eichfeld,

Mahdi,

De Quattro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Associations between plants and beneficial root-endophytic fungi enhance plant performance by improving nutrient uptake, abiotic stress tolerance and disease resistance. To successfully colonize different host plants and defend their host niche against competing microbes, but also to cooperate with beneficial bacterial members of the microbiota, root endophytes such as Sebacinales secrete a multitude of tightly regulated effector-proteins and carbohydrate-active enzymes. However, the functions, specificity, and regulation of these proteins remain poorly understood. In this study, we employ time-resolved transcriptomics to analyse the gene expression profiles of two Sebacinales members interacting with organisms from different kingdoms of life. We identified crucial genes for plant colonization and intermicrobial competition, including a fungal GH18-CBM5 chitinase specifically upregulated in response to the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana. This chitinase protects the plant hosts against the pathogen, reducing fungal biomass and disease symptoms in barley and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings shed light on interaction partner specific gene expression in Sebacinales endophytes, with potential applications in enhancing plant health and resilience.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved transcriptomics reveal a mechanism of host niche defense: beneficial root endophytes deploy a host-protective antimicrobial GH18-CBM5 chitinase

Eichfeld,

Mahdi,

De Quattro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…CQMa421 was found to encode a greater number of chitinases than CQMa102. These included one chitinase A6 (Endochitinase 1), 70 one chitinase A5 (glycoside hydrolase family 18), two class III chitinase and six Chi2A (subgroup A class III chitinases), which may contribute greatly to its broad host range and higher virulence of CQMa421. Secreted lipases can play important roles as virulence factors 71 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity analysis and comparative genomics reveal the different infection strategies between the generalist Metarhizium anisopliae and the specialist Metarhizium acridum

Du,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BackgroundThe fungal genera Metarhizium contain many important spp. that are used as biocontrol agents and as model organisms for exploring insect‐fungal interactions. Metarhizium spp. exhibit different traits of pathogenicity, suggesting that the pathogenesis can be quite distinctive. However, the underlying differences in their pathogenesis remain poorly understood.ResultsPathogenicity analysis showed that Metarhizium anisopliae (strain CQMa421) displayed higher virulence against oriental migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen), than the acridid‐specific specie Metarhizium acridum (strain CQMa102). Relative to M. acridum, M. anisopliae possessed a higher conidial hydrophobicity, increased ability to penetrate the host, accelerated growth under hypoxia and enhanced ability for the utilization of different carbon sources. Different distributions of carbohydrate epitopes at cell wall surface of M. anisopliae might also contribute to successful evasion of host immune defenses. Comparative genomics showed that M. anisopliae has 98 more virulence‐related secreted proteins (133) than M. acridum (35), which can be functionally classified as hydrolases, virulence effectors, cell wall degradation and stress tolerance‐related proteins, and helpful to the cuticle penetration and host internal environment adaption. In addition, differences in genomic clusters specifically related to secondary metabolites, including the clusters of Indole‐NRPS hybrid, T1PKS‐NRPS like hybrid, Betalactone, Fungal‐Ripp and NRPS‐Terpene hybrid, may lead to differences in core virulence‐related secondary metabolite genes in M. acridum (18) and M. anisopliae (36).ConclusionThe comparative study provided new insights into the different infection strategies between M. anisopliae and M. acridum, and further facilitate the identification of virulence‐related genes for the improvement of mycoinsecticides.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Hence, the size of chitinase products increases, while that of chitosanase products decreases with decreasing F A of the substrate. While the DP range of the products is more difficult to predict compared to acid hydrolysis, unless the subsite specificity of the enzyme used is precisely known, enzymatic hydrolysis can more easily yield a broader range of products, as enzymes with different levels of subsite specificities are available [ 17 , 32 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Clearly, the more specific the enzyme, the larger its products.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Substrates (An And Dn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Defined Chitosan Oligosaccharides Using Chitin Deacetylases

Bonin

Sreekumar

Cord‐Landwehr

et al. 2020

IJMS

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During the past decade, detailed studies using well-defined ‘second generation’ chitosans have amply proved that both their material properties and their biological activities are dependent on their molecular structure, in particular on their degree of polymerisation (DP) and their fraction of acetylation (FA). Recent evidence suggests that the pattern of acetylation (PA), i.e., the sequence of acetylated and non-acetylated residues along the linear polymer, is equally important, but chitosan polymers with defined, non-random PA are not yet available. One way in which the PA will influence the bioactivities of chitosan polymers is their enzymatic degradation by sequence-dependent chitosan hydrolases present in the target tissues. The PA of the polymer substrates in conjunction with the subsite preferences of the hydrolases determine the type of oligomeric products and the kinetics of their production and further degradation. Thus, the bioactivities of chitosan polymers will at least in part be carried by the chitosan oligomers produced from them, possibly through their interaction with pattern recognition receptors in target cells. In contrast to polymers, partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (paCOS) can be fully characterised concerning their DP, FA, and PA, and chitin deacetylases (CDAs) with different and known regio-selectivities are currently emerging as efficient tools to produce fully defined paCOS in quantities sufficient to probe their bioactivities. In this review, we describe the current state of the art on how CDAs can be used in forward and reverse mode to produce all of the possible paCOS dimers, trimers, and tetramers, most of the pentamers and many of the hexamers. In addition, we describe the biotechnological production of the required fully acetylated and fully deacetylated oligomer substrates, as well as the purification and characterisation of the paCOS products.

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Endochitinase 1 (Tv-ECH1) from Trichoderma virens has high subsite specificities for acetylated units when acting on chitosans

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Time-resolved transcriptomics reveal a mechanism of host niche defense: beneficial root endophytes deploy a host-protective antimicrobial GH18-CBM5 chitinase

Time-resolved transcriptomics reveal a mechanism of host niche defense: beneficial root endophytes deploy a host-protective antimicrobial GH18-CBM5 chitinase

Pathogenicity analysis and comparative genomics reveal the different infection strategies between the generalist Metarhizium anisopliae and the specialist Metarhizium acridum

Preparation of Defined Chitosan Oligosaccharides Using Chitin Deacetylases

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