Endochondral ossification in Achilles and patella tendinopathy

Fenwick, Steven; Harrall, R L; Hackney, Roger; Bord, S.; Hörner, A.; Hazleman, B. L.; Riley, Graham P.

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/41.4.474

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Indeed, the ectopic chondro-ossified deposits in the tendon mid-substance appeared in a process resembling endochondral ossification as shown by immunohistochemical staining of collagen type X in our collagenase-induced failed healing animal model of tendinopathy [63]. This is similar to the endochondral ossification process observed in Achilles and patellar tendinopathies [61]. We also observed an earlier expression of chondrogenic markers (collagen type II and Sox9) in the healing tendon fibroblasts prior to their expression in the chondrocyte-like cells and ossified deposits which appeared later in the tendon midsubstance in our animal model [63].…”

Section: Evidence For Erroneous Differentiation Of Tdscs In the Pathosupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Its underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood and treatment is usually palliative. A change of tendon loading caused by mechanical overload, compression or disuse has been implicated as the possible etiologies [52], but they do not completely explain the failed healing responses, cellular and molecular alternations seen in the diseased tendon, including hypercellularity, hypervascularity, matrix disturbance with an increase in proteoglycan deposition, particularly the oversulfated form, ECM degradation, rounding of cell nuclei and acquisition of chondrocyte phenotypes, occasional adipose and bony metaplasia [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. The production of abnormal matrix components (e.g., fatty degeneration, glycosaminoglycan accumulation with cell rounding and acquisition of chondrocyte phenotypes and calcification) in tendinopathic tendons suggested either that non-tenocytes migrated to the injury site; or that endogeneous or exogeneous stem cells possessing multilineage differentiation potential differentiated into nontenocytes.…”

Section: Evidence For Erroneous Differentiation Of Tdscs In the Pathomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tendon-Derived Stem Cells (TDSCs): From Basic Science to Potential Roles in Tendon Pathology and Tissue Engineering Applications

Lui

Chan

2011

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

142

119

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Traditionally, tendons are considered to only contain tenocytes that are responsible for the maintenance, repair and remodeling of tendons. Stem cells, which are termed tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), have recently been identified in tendons. This review aims to summarize the current information about the in vitro characteristics of TDSCs, including issues related to TDSC isolation and culture, their cell morphology, immunophenotypes, proliferation and differentiation characteristics and senescence during in vitro passaging. The challenges in studying the functions of these cells are also discussed. The niche where TDSCs resided essentially provides signals that are conducive to the maintenance of definitive stem cell properties of TDSCs. Yet the niche may also induce pathologies by imposing an aberrant function on TDSCs or other targets. The possible niche factors of TDSCs are herein discussed. We presented current evidences supporting the potential pathogenic role of TDSCs in the development of tendinopathy with reference to the recent findings on the altered biological responses of these cells in response to their potential niche factors. The use of resident stem cells may promote engraftment and differentiation of transplanted cells in tendon and tendon-bone junction repair because the tendon milieu is an ideal and familiar environment to the transplanted cells. Evidences are presented to show the potential advantages and results of using TDSCs as a new cell source for tendon and tendon-bone junction repair. Issues pertaining to the use of TDSCs for tissue repair are also discussed.

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Section: Evidence For Erroneous Differentiation Of Tdscs In the Pathosupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Evidence For Erroneous Differentiation Of Tdscs In the Pathomentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendon-Derived Stem Cells (TDSCs): From Basic Science to Potential Roles in Tendon Pathology and Tissue Engineering Applications

Lui

Chan

2011

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

142

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Chondroitin sulphate is the major glycosaminoglycan in tendinosis tissue and the accompanying increase in DNA content has been primarily attributed to fibroblasts and vascular cells (endothelial and smooth muscle cells) (Khan et al 1996;Fenwick et al 2002). Therefore, the excessive chondroitin sulphate found in biochemical assays of tendinosis could be produced by resident fibroblasts (tenocytes) or by vascular cells, or both (Riley 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased versican content is associated with tendinosis pathology in the patellar tendon of athletes with jumper's knee

Scott

Lian

Roberts

et al. 2008

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Expansion of the extracellular matrix is a prominent but poorly characterized feature of tendinosis. The present study aimed to characterize the extent and distribution of the large aggregating proteoglycan versican in patients with patellar tendinosis. We obtained tendon from tendinopathy patients undergoing debridement of the patellar tendon and from controls undergoing intramedullary tibial nailing. Versican content was investigated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Microvessel thickness and density were determined using computerassisted image analysis. Markers for smooth muscle (α-SMA), endothelial cells (CD31) and proliferating cells (Ki67) were examined immunohistochemically. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining revealed elevated versican content in the proximal patellar tendon of tendinosis patients (p=0.042). Versican content was enriched in regions of fibrocartilage metaplasia and fibroblast proliferation, as well as in the perivascular matrix of proliferating microvessels and within the media and intima of arterioles. Microvessel density was higher in tendinosis tissue compared to control tissue. Versican deposition is a prominent feature of patellar tendinosis. Because this molecule is not only a component of normal fibrocartilagenous matrices, but is also implicated in a variety of soft tissue pathologies, future studies should further detail both pathological and adaptive roles of versican in tendons.

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“…Calcification secondary to tendon degeneration is encountered in the supraspinatus tendon in particular9 with enchondral ossification of the tendon being important for this condition 2. In various locations neurovascular infiltration is encountered in tendinopathy of the Achilles, the patellar and the supraspinatus tendon, as well as in tennis elbow tendinopathy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sclerosing therapy and eccentric training in flexor carpi radialis tendinopathy in a tennis player: Figure 1

et al. 2007

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Endochondral ossification in Achilles and patella tendinopathy

Cited by 51 publications

References 7 publications

Tendon-Derived Stem Cells (TDSCs): From Basic Science to Potential Roles in Tendon Pathology and Tissue Engineering Applications

Tendon-Derived Stem Cells (TDSCs): From Basic Science to Potential Roles in Tendon Pathology and Tissue Engineering Applications

Increased versican content is associated with tendinosis pathology in the patellar tendon of athletes with jumper's knee

Sclerosing therapy and eccentric training in flexor carpi radialis tendinopathy in a tennis player: Figure 1

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