Endocrine and metabolic disorders of the equine athlete

McGowan, Catherine; Geor, Raymond J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4771-8.00035-1

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The decrease in the concentrations of Na and K after the race is a result of increased sweating and increased activity of Na-K pumps during recovery [4,7]. Hypokalaemia is a cause of exhausted horse syndrome, as well as synchronous diaphragmatic fl utter [40], both of which are serious metabolic disorders that require urgent veterinary intervention. An increase in the concentration of Mg, although not statistically signifi cant in the present study, is in agreement with other studies [6,41] that evaluated endurance horses competing at distances above 90 km.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in biochemical parameters in horses during 40 km and 80 km endurance races

et al. 2019

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During intensive physical activity horses are exposed to thermolysis, electrolyte loss and rising amounts of catabolic products, which results in alterations of biochemical blood parameters due to the horse’s adaptation to metabolic stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of intensive physical activity on serum biochemical parameters in horses competing in 40 and 80 km endurance races. Blood samples were taken from 28 horses before and after the race over four competitions, with a total of 53 samples analyzed. Biochemical parameters studied included creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The extent of change in pre- and post-race values was compared between categories of age, gender, breed, distance and average speed of horses. Creatine kinase and blood glucose values prior to the race were higher than the reference values. Values of renal parameters and parameters of muscle damage increased after the races, and the degree of change was more pronounced at longer racing lengths, as well as at lower average speed. Electrolyte loss was more prominent during longer races. This study demonstrated that endurance races cause evident changes in serum electrolyte concentrations, renal parameters and markers of muscle damage in horses. These changes are observable in horses at both short and long duration endurance races.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in biochemical parameters in horses during 40 km and 80 km endurance races

et al. 2019

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“…Several studies found lowering of blood levels of electrolytes in endurance horses (6,25,28). Additionally, low oxygen concentration in air due to lower air pressure, difficult track and conditions are leading to increased stress of horses and increased production of cortisol (9,11,14,18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypercortisolemia lead to numerous metabolic disturbances and also provokes leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia (9,12,14).…”

Section: Indicators Of Exhaustion and Stress Markers In Endurance Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of a high intensity work load in racehorses, mainly Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds have been evaluated in detail. However, studies referring to a prolonged, low intensity work load typical for endurance rides in Serbia are few (2) compared to the literature data (14,23). The goal of the study was to evaluate changes that an endurance race provokes in the organism of horses, in order to enable the safer estimation of fitness, and the competence of the horse for the expected work load, easier recognition of fatigue and stress during a race and to obtain information concerning alterations caused by fatigue and stress, enabling efficient prevention of larger damage and injuries caused by excessive effort as well as easier treatment of complications caused by a surplus workload.…”

Section: Indicators Of Exhaustion and Stress Markers In Endurance Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike short-term loads, a prolonged work load leads to significant leukocytosis that may last up to 48 hours. This occurs as a result of neutrophilia due to the increased release of cortisol (1,14). Hypercortisolemia at the same time can lead to eosinopenia, which definitely does not affect the value of the Ne/Ly ratio due to the predominant increase in the number of neutrophils.…”

Section: Tab 1 Values Of Basic Hematological Parameters In Endurance Horses Before and After The Workload (X ± Sd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indicators of exhaustion and stress markers in endurance horses

Đoković¹,

Marković²,

Đermanović³

et al. 2021

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Prolonged training and physical effort in endurance horses can influence the performance of the endurance horses negatively. The negative impact of the event is especially noticeable if venues are demanding, i.e. bad weather conditions or demanding grounds, high altitude and especially in cases of insufficiently fit horses. One of the most important factors that influence equine performance is abundance of oxygen in the blood, which is directly related to the air oxygen content and changes with atmospheric pressure, so that high altitude and low air pressure demand additional work from horses and accelerate fatigue. The authors goal was to investigate the influence of workload in endurance racing on sport horse organism. A total of 18 trained and competing endurance horses enrolled in a 60 km long endurance race organized on Zlatibor Mountain were included in our survey. Due to the difficult track 8 horses were disqualified due to lameness, and high heart rate and respiration. Only 10 horses completed the race and these animals were submitted to basic physical, clinical and laboratory examinations, in order to evaluate fatigue and stress reaction in endurance horses in Serbia. Results of the clinical and laboratory testing obtained show significant changes in all parameters evaluated which we attributed to physical effort in all 10 horses that finished the race in comparison with the values obtained before the race. In conclusion, 10 horses finished the race and were tested, and they indicated significant alterations in physiological parameters showing stress reaction. The evaluated parameters decreased into physiological interval values during the 5 days following the race.

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