Endocrine Characteristics of Cloned Calves

Matsuzaki, Masatoshi; Shiga, Kazuho

doi:10.1089/15362300260339548

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All calves in this study (nuclear transfer, n ϭ 8; controls, n ϭ 9) survived delivery and the first 48-h neonatal period. Several groups have previously reported increased birth weights (Kato et al, 2000;Kubota et al, 2000;Heyman et al, 2002;Matsuzaki and Shiga, 2002) or no difference in birth weights (Wells et al, 1998(Wells et al, , 1999 in calves resulting from nuclear transfer. In the present study increased birth weights were observed in Hereford clones but not in Holstein clones, suggesting a possible donor effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fetuses derived from somatic cell nuclear-transfer that died in late gestation had anasarca and irregularities involving the heart, lungs, liver, umbilicus, and placenta (Hill et al, 1999;ChavattePalmer et al, 2002;Heyman et al, 2002). Other investigators have reported cloned calves with type I insulin-dependent diabetes , thymic hypoplasia (Renard et al, 1999), renal insufficiency (Kato et al, 2000;ChavattePalmer et al, 2002), skeletal anomalies (Kato et al, 2000), and endocrine disturbances (Matsuzaki and Shiga, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perinatal Physiology in Cloned And Normal Calves: Physical And Clinical Characteristics

Batchelder

Bertolini

Mason

et al. 2007

Cloning and Stem Cells

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The period immediately after birth is a vital time for all newborn calves as the cardiovascular, respiratory, and other organ systems adapt to life ex utero. Reported neonatal mortality rates suggest this period to be especially critical in cloned calves; yet prospective, controlled studies on the physiological status of these calves are lacking. The objectives of this study were to compare neonatal (birth to 48 h of age) physical and clinical characteristics and placental morphology of cloned and embryo transfer control calves delivered by cesarean section after induced labor. All calves were raised under specialized neonatal-care protocols at a large-animal veterinary research and teaching hospital. Cloned calves were similar to controls for many parameters studied. Notable exceptions included developmental delays of important physical adjustment parameters and enlargement of the umbilical region. Placentas associated with cloned calves contained fewer total placentomes, a twofold increase in surface area and mass per placentome, and a shift in placentome morphology toward larger, flatter placentomes. The most striking clinical variations detected in clones were hypoglycemia and hyperfructosemia, both measures of carbohydrate metabolism. Because the placenta is known to be the source of plasma fructose in newborn calves, increased fructose production by the cloned placenta may be an important factor in the etiology of umbilical and cardiac anomalies in clones observed in this and other studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Physiology in Cloned And Normal Calves: Physical And Clinical Characteristics

Batchelder

Bertolini

Mason

et al. 2007

Cloning and Stem Cells

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“…It is known that cortisol enhances estrogen synthesis in the placenta and plays a major role in the initiation of parturition (Wood 1999). Matsuzaki & Shiga (2002) reported that the plasma concentration of cortisol in neonatal clone calves was significantly lower than that in control calves, which were produced by artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. By contrast, we found similar cortisol concentrations between vaginally delivered clone and control calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The induction of parturition in pregnant cows using dexamethasone and PGF 2a has been performed in many studies on somatic clone cattle (Hill et al 1999, Matsuzaki & Shiga 2002, Pace et al 2002. This is mainly conducted to avoid dystocia due to LOS and prolonged gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous report suggested that the prenatal cortisol rise in clone fetuses was insufficient and therefore parturition was not spontaneous (Matsuzaki & Shiga 2002). By contrast, another study demonstrated a normal cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in neonatal clone calves, implying that the calves had a mature cortisol secretion system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Excess estrogen sulfoconjugation as the possible cause for a poor sign of parturition in pregnant cows carrying somatic cell clone fetuses

Hirayama

Sawai²,

Moriyasu³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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We conducted this study to elucidate a factor causing a poor sign of parturition and prolonged gestation, which is frequently observed in cows carrying somatic clone fetuses. Pre-partum rises in concentrations of plasma estrone and estradiol-17b in the recipient cows pregnant with clones were subtle. By contrast, the plasma concentration of estrone sulfate in clone pregnancies increased gradually from pre-initiation of parturition induction whereas control cows that received in vivo-derived embryos showed a significant increase at parturition. Therefore, in clone pregnancies, the ratio of estrone/estrone sulfate was low during the pre-partum period compared with control. Messenger RNA expression of estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) in the placenta at parturition was significantly higher in clone pregnancies than control pregnancies and was localized in binucleate cells (BNC). SULT1E1 mRNA abundance was negatively and positively correlated with concentrations of maternal estrone and estrone sulfate at parturition respectively. Messenger RNA expressions of estrogen sulfatase (STS) and aromatase (CYP19) were similar between clone and control pregnancies and were localized in BNC and caruncular epithelial cells. STS and CYP19 mRNA abundances showed positive correlations with maternal estradiol-17b concentration. The population of BNC in the placenta did not differ between clone and control pregnancies. Plasma cortisol concentration of vaginally delivered newborn clone calves was comparable with those of control, although cesarean section delivered clone calves showed a low concentration. These results suggest that excess estrogen sulfoconjugation is the reason for the perturbed low ratio of active to inactive estrogens and the resulting hormonal imbalance contributes to the lack of overt signs of readiness for parturition in cows pregnant with clones.

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Cloning and assisted reproductive techniques: Influence on early development and adult phenotype

Sakai

Tamashiro

Yamazaki

et al. 2005

Birth Defects Research Pt C

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Over the past 40 years, our increased understanding and development of cell and molecular biology has allowed even greater advances in reproductive biology. This is most evident by the development of various aspects of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), generation of transgenic animals, and most recently generation of mammals through somatic cell cloning. To date, cloning from adult somatic cells has been successful in at least 10 mammalian species. Although generating viable cloned mammals from adult cells is technically feasible and the list of successes will only continue to grow with time, prenatal and perinatal mortality is high and live cloned offspring have not been without health problems. The success of many of the proposed applications of the cloning technique obviously depends upon the health and survival of founder animals generated by nuclear transfer. This article summarizes the health consequences of cloning in mice, and discusses possible mechanisms through which these conditions may arise. In addition, we discuss the effects of ART in animal models and in humans. ART also involves some of the same procedures used in cloning, and there are reports that offspring generated by ART sometimes display aberrant phenotypes as well. It is important to point out that although these techniques do sometimes produce abnormalities, the majority of offspring are born apparently normal and survive to adulthood. Additionally, we must emphasize that the effects of ART and cloning observed in animal models do not necessarily indicate that they will occur in humans. In this article, we review studies examining the phenotype of animals generated by cloning and various ART, and discuss clinical implications of these findings.

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Endocrine Characteristics of Cloned Calves

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Perinatal Physiology in Cloned And Normal Calves: Physical And Clinical Characteristics

Perinatal Physiology in Cloned And Normal Calves: Physical And Clinical Characteristics

Excess estrogen sulfoconjugation as the possible cause for a poor sign of parturition in pregnant cows carrying somatic cell clone fetuses

Cloning and assisted reproductive techniques: Influence on early development and adult phenotype

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