Endocrine Control of Adrenal Progesterone Secretion in the Ovariectomized Rat

Resko, John A.

doi:10.1126/science.164.3875.70

Cited by 126 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The concept that the adrenal glands are capable of producing significant amounts of P 4 is well documented. 29,30 Resko 29 and others have described a direct relationship between increased stress and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels with increased levels of adrenal P 4 production in rats. Therefore, the acute elevation in plasma P 4 and the lack of parity between P 4 supplementation and plasma P 4 levels do not accurately represent the actual 6-month hormone treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

17β-Estradiol Reduces Glycoxidative Damage in the Artery Wall

Walsh

Busch

Mullick

et al. 1999

ATVB

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Abstract-Glycoxidative damage in the vasculature has been linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Estrogens protect against the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Because estrogens are potent antioxidants that also effect glucose metabolism, part of their protection against atherosclerosis could be through attenuation of glycoxidative damage in the vascular wall. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic estradiol administration is associated with decreased levels of glycoxidative damage in arterial walls. We harvested and examined iliac arteries from ovariectomized, 8-month-old rats that had been implanted for 6 months with 1 of the following subcutaneous hormone pellets: low estradiol (2.5 mg estradiol), high estradiol (25 mg estradiol), P 4 (200 mg progesterone), low estradiol and P 4 , placebo (no hormone), or control (no implant). Using pentosidine as a biomarker of glycoxidative damage, we found that all vessels from rats receiving estradiol (low estradiol, high estradiol, and low estradiolϩP 4 ) exhibited a 50% reduction in glycoxidative damage compared with P 4 , placebo, and control vessels (PϽ0.05). Consistent with this finding, we observed that estradiol-treated rats had a 30% decrease in tissue levels of hydroperoxides, a marker of oxidative stress. Finally, estradiol-treated rats had a small, but significant, decrease in plasma glucose levels (PϽ0.01). In summary, we report the novel finding that chronic estrogen administration is associated with significant decreases in glycoxidative damage and oxidative stress in the arterial wall. It seems likely that these actions may constitute a mechanism by which estrogen attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

17β-Estradiol Reduces Glycoxidative Damage in the Artery Wall

Walsh

Busch

Mullick

et al. 1999

ATVB

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“…Studies indicate that the adrenal cortex of the rat is able to synthesize and secrete significant amounts of progesterone (34,35). Thus, the increased levels of progesterone could be a response to higher adrenal weight induced by the well-established stressor method of PSD (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased adrenal weight of animals submitted to PSD may reflect a hyperfunctioning of the glands triggered by this stress and could explain, in part, the increased levels of progesterone in rats exposed to PSD and footshock. The increase in ACTH produced by stress may be responsible for the increase in progesterone as well as in corticosterone levels, since ACTH has been shown to stimulate adrenal progesterone production (35,36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different stress modalities result in distinct steroid hormone responses by male rats

Andersen

Bignotto

Machado

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

134

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Since both paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and stress alter male reproductive function, the purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of PSD and other stressors (restraint, electrical footshock, cold and forced swimming, N = 10 per group) on steroid hormones in adult Wistar male rats. Rats were submitted to chronic stress for four days. The stressors (footshock, cold and forced swimming) were applied twice a day, for periods of 1 h at 9:00 and 16:00 h. Restrained animals were maintained in plastic cylinders for 22 h/day whereas PSD was continuous. Hormone determination was measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (testosterone), competitive immunoassay (progesterone) and by radioimmunoassay (corticosterone, estradiol, estrone). The findings indicate that PSD (13.7 ng/ dl), footshock (31.7 ng/dl) and cold (35.2 ng/dl) led to lower testosterone levels compared to the swimming (370.4 ng/dl) and control (371.4 ng/dl) groups. However, progesterone levels were elevated in the footshock (4.5 ng/ml) and PSD (5.4 ng/ml) groups compared to control (1.6 ng/ml), swimming (1.1 ng/ml), cold (2.3 ng/ml), and restrained (1.2 ng/ml) animals. Estrone and estradiol levels were reduced in the PSD, footshock and restraint groups compared to the control, swimming and cold groups. A significant increase in corticosterone levels was found only in the PSD (299.8 ng/ml) and footshock (169.6 ng/ml) groups. These changes may be thought to be the full steroidal response to stress of significant intensity. Thus, the data suggest that different stress modalities result in distinct steroid hormone responses, with PSD and footshock being the most similar.

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“…Sufficient progesterone may be available to the ipsilateral horn so that optimal endometrial sensitivity (Psychoyos, 1966) (Resko, 1969) may provide a sufficient quantity of progesterone and/or oestrogen to maintain pregnancy in both horns. This hypothesis would explain the observation that a single in¬ jection of progesterone on the 5th day was as effective in inducing implantation and foetal maintenance as a series of injections from the 5th to the 20th days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Survival and Development in Unilaterally Ovariectomized Rats

Nuti¹,

Ward²,

Meyer³

1971

Reproduction

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Summary. Unilateral ovariectomy on the 3rd day of pregnancy in the rat resulted in arrested embryonic development and decreased implantation in the ipsilateral uterine horn. These degenerative changes were apparent 48 hr, but not 24 hr, after operation. A single subcutaneous injection of either oestrone (1\m=.\0\g=m\g) or progesterone (2\m=.\0mg) at 08.00 hours on the 5th day of pregnancy induced implantation and foetal maintenance in the ipsilateral horn. Treatment with progesterone was consistently more effective than oestrogen.These observations suggest that unilateral ovariectomy induces a hormonal deficiency in the adjacent uterine horn which is incompatible with optimum preimplantation embryonic development.

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Endocrine Control of Adrenal Progesterone Secretion in the Ovariectomized Rat

Cited by 126 publications

References 10 publications

17β-Estradiol Reduces Glycoxidative Damage in the Artery Wall

17β-Estradiol Reduces Glycoxidative Damage in the Artery Wall

Different stress modalities result in distinct steroid hormone responses by male rats

Embryonic Survival and Development in Unilaterally Ovariectomized Rats

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