Endocrine Disorders Accompanying Obesity - Effect or Cause?

Kuryłowicz, Alina

doi:10.5772/intechopen.98793

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The development and regulation of the reproductive system depend on the HPG axis, which alludes to the connection between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonads ( 78 ). Reproductive regulation initiates at the hypothalamus level due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by neurosecretory cells to the hypothalamic-hypophysial system ( 79 ). In response to GnRH secretion, pituitary releases FSH and LH that control gonadal functions ( 79 ).…”

Section: Effect Of Mps Nps and Associated Chemicals On The Male Repro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproductive regulation initiates at the hypothalamus level due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion by neurosecretory cells to the hypothalamic-hypophysial system ( 79 ). In response to GnRH secretion, pituitary releases FSH and LH that control gonadal functions ( 79 ). In males, the HPG axis is responsible for T secretion and regulation of spermatogenesis ( 80 ).…”

Section: Effect Of Mps Nps and Associated Chemicals On The Male Repro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the endocrine disrupting effects of micro and nano plastic and their associated chemicals in mammals

et al. 2023

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Over the years, the vaste expansion of plastic manufacturing has dramatically increased the environmental impact of microplastics [MPs] and nanoplastics [NPs], making them a threat to marine and terrestrial biota because they contain endocrine disrupting chemicals [EDCs] and other harmful compounds. MPs and NPs have deleteriouse impacts on mammalian endocrine components such as hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testes, and ovaries. MPs and NPs absorb and act as a transport medium for harmful chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyl ether, organotin, perfluorinated compounds, dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic contaminants, and heavy metals, which are commonly used as additives in plastic production. As the EDCs are not covalently bonded to plastics, they can easily leach into milk, water, and other liquids affecting the endocrine system of mammals upon exposure. The toxicity induced by MPs and NPs is size-dependent, as smaller particles have better absorption capacity and larger surface area, releasing more EDC and toxic chemicals. Various EDCs contained or carried by MPs and NPs share structural similarities with specific hormone receptors; hence they interfere with normal hormone receptors, altering the hormonal action of the endocrine glands. This review demonstrates size-dependent MPs’ bioaccumulation, distribution, and translocation with potential hazards to the endocrine gland. We reviewed that MPs and NPs disrupt hypothalamic-pituitary axes, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid/adrenal/testicular/ovarian axis leading to oxidative stress, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, developmental abnormalities, decreased sperm quality, and immunotoxicity. The direct consequences of MPs and NPs on the thyroid, testis, and ovaries are documented. Still, studies need to be carried out to identify the direct effects of MPs and NPs on the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands.

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Section: Effect Of Mps Nps and Associated Chemicals On The Male Repro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Mps Nps and Associated Chemicals On The Male Repro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the endocrine disrupting effects of micro and nano plastic and their associated chemicals in mammals

et al. 2023

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“…The easily repeated obesityinduced sensitivity of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenalaxis complex (HPA axis) from stressor stimuli, as well as increased induction of peripheral cortisol production from enlargedsize adipose tissue lead to hypercortisolism syndrome. Cortisol levels that are too high have been associated with an early projection of metabolic syndrome and psychiatric problems including sadness and anxiety [4,5]. Obesity also disrupts skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity and its enzymatic and oxidative capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to skip surgery and its complications, cryolipolysis is one of these new technologies that can reduce or remove fat deposits especially central abdominal adiposities [10]. However, considering the hugespectrum cortisol changes that occur in obese people, especially centralobese ones, the impact of weight loss on cortisol secretion deserves more research [5]. No previous studies have evaluated or compared the cryolipolysis cooling effect versus exercise on stress hormone cortisol, 6minute walking test (6MWT, a measure for physical function), and VO 2 max (as a measure for aerobic capacity) in visceral adiposity patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of moderate continuous aerobic training versus cryolipolysis on stress hormone and aerobic capacity in central obesity

Elgendy¹,

Serry

Elnany

et al. 2022

Fiz Pol

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Purpose. This is the first comparative study aimed to find out the effect of moderate continuous aerobic exercise versus the widely popular body reshaping intervention, cryolipolysis, on cortisol (stress hormone), aerobic capacity (VO2max), 6-minute walking test (6MWT) in central-obesity (CO) patients. Methods. Sixty CO patients (30 men and 30 women) were recruited from El Zawia El Hamra One Day Surgery Egyptian Hospital with a body mass index (BMI) ranged from 35–39.9 kg/m2 to be randomly assigned to the aerobic continuous moderate-intensity exercise group (thirty patients who received 30 minutes of treadmill walking, 3 sessions per week) and cryolipolysis group (thirty patients received on-abdomen one session for 60 minutes weekly). Both groups were ordered to reduce their daily diets to 1500–1800 Kcal/day (the diet was revised by a diet specialist every 14 days to consider the inclusion of fat (20–25%), carbohydrate (high complex, 50–60%), and protein components (25–30%). Anthropometry (weight, BMI, and waist circumference), plasma cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWD were assessed before and after 12-week cryolipolysis and exercise. Results. A significantly improved difference was extracted using paired tests either within-exercise or with-cryolipolysis groups regarding the patients' weight, BMI, cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWT. In favor of the exercise group, the post-treatment comparison between exercise and cryolipolysis groups showed a more marked significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) regarding the patients' weight, BMI, VO2max, and 6MWD. In favor of the cryolipolysis group, post-treatment waist circumference showed a more marked significant decrease when compared to its post-treatment level of the exercise group. Regarding post cortisol levels between exercise and cryolipolysis groups, a non-significant difference was reported. Conclusion: After the addition of aerobic exercise or cryolipolysis to a 12-week supervised DR plan, both therapeutic interventions can improve central fat deposition, weight, cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWT in CO patients.

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“…It is well-known that many chronic health conditions faced by children and adolescents are associated with the presence of obesity, such as type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, intracranial hypertension, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, musculoskeletal conditions, and obstructive sleep apnea (summarized in [101]). Children may have underlying conditions that increase the risk of obesity and its associated comorbidities, including genetic disorders, endocrine disorders, and inborn errors of metabolism [102][103][104]. Obesity is more prevalent among youth with autism, ADHD, and behavioral health disorders [105][106][107][108].…”

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confidence: 99%

Eating Disorders in Youth with Chronic Health Conditions: Clinical Strategies for Early Recognition and Prevention

Kumar

2023

Nutrients

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Youth with chronic health conditions face an elevated risk of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Contributors to this phenomenon may include the unique threats faced by this vulnerable population to their body image, their relationships with food and eating, and their mental health and self-esteem. However, youth with chronic health conditions may also experience more severe medical complications and mortality from eating disorder behaviors because of the additional risks conveyed by their underlying conditions. In this review, clinical strategies are provided to support youth with chronic health conditions through early recognition of eating disorder behaviors and prompt referral to treatment, which is important for a better prognosis. Suggestions are also given to mitigate their risk of developing eating disorders by proactively addressing risk factors and offering thoughtful anticipatory guidance that promotes a positive relationship with food and eating.

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Endocrine Disorders Accompanying Obesity - Effect or Cause?

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

A review of the endocrine disrupting effects of micro and nano plastic and their associated chemicals in mammals

A review of the endocrine disrupting effects of micro and nano plastic and their associated chemicals in mammals

Effect of moderate continuous aerobic training versus cryolipolysis on stress hormone and aerobic capacity in central obesity

Eating Disorders in Youth with Chronic Health Conditions: Clinical Strategies for Early Recognition and Prevention

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