Endocrine disrupting activities and geochemistry of water resources associated with unconventional oil and gas activity

Kassotis, Christopher D.; Harkness, Jennifer S.; Vo, Phuc H.; Vu, Danh C.; Hoffman, Kate; Cinnamon, Katelyn M.; Cornelius‐Green, Jennifer; Vengosh, Avner; Lin, Chung‐Ho; Tillitt, Donald E.; Kruse, Robin L.; McElroy, Jane A.; Nagel, Susan C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142236

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Of the 1,606 chemicals in HF fluid and/or FPW surveyed by the USEPA, only 173 had toxicity values, while those for the rest of the chemicals (89%) were not available or met the USEPA criteria for inclusion . Increasing evidence from the U.S. and Canada demonstrates complex toxicological profiles of FPW in the context of biological effects and mechanisms of toxicity. , Overarching studies on FPW that combine toxicological assessments with target/nontarget chemical analyses are essential due to variability in original composition, chemical reactions (e.g., chemical coprecipitation) and syngenetic effects, and altered FPW compositions as a result of local conditions (e.g., precipitation, hydrology, soil sorption capacity). ,,,,,− …”

Section: Environmental Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle in China and North America: A Critical Review

Zhong

Zolfaghari

Hou

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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There is considerable debate about the sustainability of the hydraulic fracturing (HF) water cycle in North America. Recently, this debate has expanded to China, where HF activities continue to grow. Here, we provide a critical review of the HF water cycle in China, including water withdrawal practices and flowback and produced water (FPW) management and their environmental impacts, with a comprehensive comparison to the U.S. and Canada (North America). Water stress in arid regions, as well as water management challenges, FPW contamination of aquatic and soil systems, and induced seismicity are all impacts of the HF water cycle in China, the U.S., and Canada. In light of experience gained in North America, standardized practices for analyzing and reporting FPW chemistry and microbiology in China are needed to inform its efficient and safe treatment, discharge and reuse, and identification of potential contaminants. Additionally, conducting ecotoxicological studies is an essential next step to fully reveal the impacts of accidental FPW releases into aquatic and soil ecosystems in China. From a policy perspective, the development of China's unconventional resources lags behind North America's in terms of overall regulation, especially with regard to water withdrawal, FPW management, and routine monitoring. Our study suggests that common environmental risks exist within the world's two largest HF regions, and practices used in North America may help prevent or mitigate adverse effects in China.

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Section: Environmental Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle in China and North America: A Critical Review

Zhong

Zolfaghari

Hou

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…There is limited information regarding toxicity (especially synergistic effects), fate, and transport, as well as limited regulatory health thresholds for many organic chemicals in PW. 94,95 Further, many of the constituents and, when applicable, their transformation products present in the PW, may go undetected due to the traditional analytical methods employed or because their concentrations are below instrument detection limits. 96 Inadequate characterization of contaminants present in PW may result in the introduction of new or poorly characterized exposure pathways that could pose risks to either ecological or human health.…”

Section: Nontraditional Sources: Oil and Gas Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) Agriculture Sector Technology Roadmap 2021

Dionysiou¹,

Katz²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

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Cost metrics can include levelized costs of water treatment as well as individual cost components, such capital or operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. Energy PerformanceEnergy performance metrics can include the total energy requirements of the water treatment process, the type of energy required (e.g., thermal vs. electricity), embedded energy in chemicals and materials, and the degree to which alternative energy resources are utilized. Water Treatment PerformanceWater treatment performance metrics can include the percent removal of various contaminants of concern and the percent recovery of water from the treatment train. Human Health and Environment ExternalitiesExternality metrics can include air emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, waste streams, societal and health impacts, land-use impacts. Process AdaptabilityProcess adaptability metrics can include the ability to incorporate variable input water qualities, the ability to incorporate variable input water quantity flows, the ability to produce variable output water quality, and the ability to operate flexibly in response to variable energy inputs.

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“…126 The storage and transport of this water also raises concerns with respect to spills and contamination of surface and groundwater and potential exposure to hazardous air pollution. 129,130 More importantly, concerns associated with the toxicity of produced water and its residuals, and the sheer volume of residuals that would be produced for even MLD, may limit reuse options and prohibitively increase the cost of treatment. Moreover, long term liability associated with reuse and disposal outside of the industry can deter the industry from investing in treatment for external reuse.…”

Section: Societal Barriers For Upstream Oil and Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) Resource Extraction Sector Technology Roadmap 2021

Cath

Chellam

Katz

et al. 2021

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Industrial WastewaterWater from various industrial processes that can be treated for reused Municipal WastewaterWastewater treated for reuse through municipal resource recovery treatment plants utilizing advanced treatment processes or decentralized treatment systems Agricultural WastewaterWastewater from tile drainage, tailwater, and other water produced on irrigated croplands as well as wastewater generated during livestock management that can be treated for reuse or disposal to the environment Mining WastewaterWastewater from mining operations that can be reused or prepared for disposal Produced WaterWater used for or produced by oil and gas exploration activities (including fracking) that can be reused or prepared for disposal Power and Cooling WastewaterWater used for cooling or as a byproduct of treatment (e.g., flue gas desulfurization) that can be reused or prepared for disposal PowerWater used in the electricity sector, especially for thermoelectric cooling Resource ExtractionWater used to extract resources, including mining and oil and gas exploration and production IndustrialWater used in industrial and manufacturing activities not included elsewhere, including but not limited to petrochemical refining, food and beverage processing, metallurgy, and commercial and institutional building cooling MunicipalWater used by public water systems, which include entities that are both publicly and privately owned, to supply customers in their service area

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Endocrine disrupting activities and geochemistry of water resources associated with unconventional oil and gas activity

Cited by 17 publications

References 90 publications

Comparison of the Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle in China and North America: A Critical Review

Comparison of the Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle in China and North America: A Critical Review

National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) Agriculture Sector Technology Roadmap 2021

National Alliance for Water Innovation (NAWI) Resource Extraction Sector Technology Roadmap 2021

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