Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health

Abstract

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are substances present in the environment that can interfere with normal hormonal balance and thus exert potentially adverse health effects on the human organism. Male reproductive system development and function may be susceptible to the effects of such environmental toxicants. Bisphenol A, phthalates and alkylphenols are important components of multiple products and are thus ubiquitously present in the environment. It has been demonstrated under laboratory conditions that they can exert detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. However, human exposure data are scarce and do not uniformly support toxicity of these substances at environmental concentrations. Despite substantial research efforts, the final answer to the problem of endocrine-disrupting chemicals is not yet in sight.

Bazı Pestisitlerin Teke ve Köpek Sperması Üzerine İn Vitro Toksisiteleri

“…The SCA acquisition parameters were set with 5 µm 2 <particle area <80 µm 2 ; progressivity >8% of STR; Circular <50% LIN; Vap points = 5; frame rate = 100/s; total captured images = 180 for dog and 10 µm 2 <particle area <80 µm 2 ; progressivity >75% of STR; circular <50% LIN; Vap points = 5; frame rate = 100/s; total captured images = 180 for goat. Each recorded field consisted of a mean of five replicates, each one analyzing from 100 to 300 sperm tracks and minimum average path at 50 μm/s and 40 μm/s; with >50% and >55% progressive motility were accepted for dog and goat sperm, respectively.…”

“…[1] . The physiological mechanisms that ultimately lead to healthy sperm production is complex; where a disturbance can take place at different periods in a lifetime and differ for each species [2] . Along with the increased concern on endocrine disrupting compounds, mainly due to their effects on triggering morphological and functional abnormalities in reproduction systems, screening chemicals for male infertility raised an increasing interest.…”

The Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles on Male Reproductive System: Review

“…Başta endokrin bozucu kimyasal maddeler olmak üzere birçok kimyasal maddenin testiste yapısal ve işlevsel değişikliğe neden olduğu, sperm parametrelerini etkilediği ve sonuçta fertilite üze-rinde olumsuz etkilere sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. [28][29][30][31] Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar ise günümüzde endüstri, tıp, sağlık, kozmetik ve gıda gibi birçok alanda çok sık kullanılan NP'lerin genel olarak erkek üreme sistemi üzerine olumsuz etki oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. 32,33 Bu etkiler geçici olabileceği gibi yaşam boyu da devam edebilir.…”

Origine développementale et environnementale de l’infertilité masculine

“…Par exemple, des taux élevés d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (issus des pollutions automobile et industrielle) dans les urines sont associés à l'infertilité masculine liée à une augmentation des dommages à l'ADN des spermatozoïdes [10]. Une exposition professionnelle au bisphénol A (BPA) 2 est associée à des altérations hormonales (diminution de la testostérone), voire spermatiques (diminution du nombre de spermatozoïdes, de leur vitalité et de leur mobilité) même si certaines données sont contradictoires [11]. Si les éléments concernant les conséquences d'une exposition périnatale sur les fonctions de reproduction sont plus difficiles à colliger compte tenu de la latence de plusieurs décennies précédant la survenue de la pathologie, plusieurs facteurs de risque incombant à la mère et susceptibles d'affecter la fonction de reproduction de sa descendance mâle ont toutefois été identifiés : tabagisme, patch de nicotine, consommation d'alcool, régime végétarien strict de la mère et faible poids du foetus pour l'âge gestationnel.…”

“…Par exemple, une apoptose accrue des cellules germinales mâles, observée après exposition aux PEE, a été reliée à une détérioration du signal androgénique [17]. Selon leur activité, les PEE exerceraient leur action néfaste au cours de fenêtres de vulnérabilité différentes : gestation pour les antiandrogènes (en particulier des jours 14 à 19 de la gestation chez le rat) et période néonatale pour les estrogénomimé-tiques [11,18]. La projection de ces données chez l'être humain indique qu'à partir de la 7 e semaine de gestation et jusqu'à la puberté, l'individu est très sensible aux PEE.…”