“…The mechanism for the effects of VOCs on sex hormones is still unclear. As endocrine-disrupting chemicals, several VOCs might affect nuclear hormone receptors to influence sex hormone levels by participating in pathways involving ligand binding, receptor agonism or antagonism, receptor binding to transcriptional cofactors, DNA binding and differential gene expression, membrane-associated hormone receptor-mediated non-genomic signaling, and induction of epigenetic reprogramming [ 51 , 52 ]. Moreover, oxidative stress damage to gonadal tissues, effects on genes involved in steroidogenesis, inhibition of related enzymes, interference of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and effects on serum albumin are the pathways by which endocrine-disrupting chemicals affect the production and transport of sex hormones, as well as possible mechanisms for the effects of VOCs on sex hormones [ 21 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”