Endocrine Disruption and Disorders of Energy Metabolism

Darbre, Philippa D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801139-3.00015-6

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…In general, the environmental exposure to specific EDCs, identified as “obesogenic and/or diabetogenic”, induces obesity by disrupting the homeostatic control of adipogenesis and/or energy balance [ 19 ]. There are multiple mechanisms involved in EDC-induced obesity.…”

Section: “Obesogenic” Edcs From the Endocrinologic Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the vast majority of EDCs are lipophilic, it therefore flows that these compounds might easily accumulate in the adipose tissue over the years. Thus, a continuous spiral is created, with the increased burden of EDCs stored in the body fat along with the EDC-induced accrual of adipose tissue [ 19 ] ( Figure 1 ). Further DNA methylation variations associated with exposure to EDCs occur in the promoter of the retinoid X receptor α gene (RXRα), a nuclear receptor reported to explain up to 26% of the variation in childhood adiposity.…”

Section: “Obesogenic” Edcs From the Endocrinologic Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocrine Aspects of Environmental “Obesogen” Pollutants

Nappi

Barrea

Somma

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Growing evidence suggests the causal link between the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the global obesity epidemics, in the context in the so-called “obesogenic environment”. Dietary intake of contaminated foods and water, especially in association with unhealthy eating pattern, and inhalation of airborne pollutants represent the major sources of human exposure to EDCs. This is of particular concern in view of the potential impact of obesity on chronic non-transmissible diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hormone-sensitive cancers. The key concept is the identification of adipose tissue not only as a preferential site of storage of EDCs, but also as an endocrine organ and, as such, susceptible to endocrine disruption. The timing of exposure to EDCs is critical to the outcome of that exposure, with early lifetime exposures (e.g., fetal or early postnatal) particularly detrimental because of their permanent effects on obesity later in life. Despite that the mechanisms operating in EDCs effects might vary enormously, this minireview is aimed to provide a general overview on the possible association between the pandemics of obesity and EDCs, briefly describing the endocrine mechanisms linking EDCs exposure and latent onset of obesity.

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Section: “Obesogenic” Edcs From the Endocrinologic Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: “Obesogenic” Edcs From the Endocrinologic Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Aspects of Environmental “Obesogen” Pollutants

Nappi

Barrea

Somma

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…Some studies have revealed the harmful effects of ENMs on endocrine functions, which suggests that ENMs may behave as potential endocrine disruptors, EDENMs ( 118 – 121 ). It is well acknowledged that endocrine disruption can often lead to the onset of metabolic disorders such as T2DM ( 122 ). Therefore, it is suggested that the ENM, which reportedly affects endocrine function, may induce T2DM.…”

Section: Endocrine Disrupting Engineered Nanomaterials (Edenms) and Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Engineered Nanomaterials in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2018

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Nanotechnology has enabled the development of innovative technologies and products for several industrial sectors. Their unique physicochemical and size-dependent properties make the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) superior for devising solutions for various research and development sectors, which are otherwise unachievable by their bulk forms. However, the remarkable advantages mediated by ENMs and their applications have also raised concerns regarding their possible toxicological impacts on human health. The actual issue stems from the absence of systematic data on ENM exposure-mediated health hazards. In this direction, a comprehensive exploration on the health-related consequences, especially with respect to endocrine disruption-related metabolic disorders, is largely lacking. The reasons for the rapid increase in diabetes and obesity in the modern world remain largely unclear, and epidemiological studies indicate that the increased presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment may influence the incidence of metabolic diseases. Functional similarities, such as mimicking natural hormonal actions, have been observed between the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and ENMs, which supports the view that different types of NMs may be capable of altering the physiological activity of the endocrine system. Disruption of the endocrine system leads to hormonal imbalance, which may influence the development and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence from many in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, suggests that ENMs generally exert deleterious effects on the molecular/hormonal pathways and the organ systems involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM. However, the available data from several such studies are not congruent, especially because of discrepancies in study design, and therefore need to be carefully examined before drawing meaningful inferences. In this review, we discuss the outcomes of ENM exposure in correlation with the development of T2DM. In particular, the review focuses on the following sub-topics: (1) an overview of the sources of human exposure to NMs, (2) systems involved in the uptake of ENMs into human body, (3) endocrine disrupting engineered nanomaterials (EDENMs) and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of T2DM, (4) evidence of the role of EDENMs in the pathogenesis of T2DM from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, and (5) conclusions and perspectives.

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