Endocrine, inflammatory and immune responses and individual differences in acute hypobaric hypoxia in lowlanders

Nishimura, Takayuki; Motoi, Midori; Toyoshima, Hideo; Kishida, Fumi; Shin, Sora; Katsumura, Takafumi; Nakayama, Kazuhiro; Oota, Hiroki; Higuchi, S; Watanuki, Shigeki; Maeda, Takafumi

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39894-w

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 50 publications

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“…Грамотрицательная микробиота (Enterobacter spp., E. coli haemolyticus, P. aeruginosae) в этиологии ВП выделялась с частотой 8,8-2,9% у детей всех климатогеографических зон РД в сочетании с S. pneumoniaе. В то же время P. aeruginosae чаще высевалась у детей предгорной зоны [17]. P. aeruginosae высевалась у больных детей в возрасте до 1 года и чаще у больных, получавших в роддомах реанимационную помощь, в частности, искусственную вентиляцию лёгких.…”

Section: результатыunclassified

Community-acquired pneumonia in young children living in various climatogeographic zones of the Republic of Dagestan

Arslanova,

Aliskandiev,

Slutskaya

et al. 2024

RPJ

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Introduction. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in early childhood continues to cause significant morbidity and remains one of the most common serious infections in childhood. Each region of the Russian Federation exhibits specific manifestations of CAP morbidity. Knowledge of CAP etiology is crucial for planning therapeutic and preventive measures. Aim. To determine the etiological and immunological features of CAP in early childhood, residing in various climatogeographical zones of the Republic of Dagestan. Materials and methods. The material includes the results of examination and treatment of CAP 204 young children. living in lowland, foothill and mountain climatogeographical zones of the Republic of Dagestan. The selection criterion was the clinical-radiological diagnosis of CAP, using the classification of clinical forms of bronchopulmonary diseases in children. Results. The study revealed a rise in the incidence of respiratory organ diseases, including CAP, among children in the Republic of Dagestan (RD) over the past 5 years. Among infants under one year, the CAP rate was twice as high. The prevalence can be attributed to the climatogeographical conditions of children’s living environments. Streptococcal infection was also observed to predominate in the ethnostructure of CAP in early childhood across all climatogeographical zones. Streptococcus pneumoniae (48.1%) was more frequently isolated in all climatogeographical zones, while Staphylococcus aureus (13.3%) dominated in the mid-mountain zone. In mild pneumonia, cellular immunity components, represented by reduced CD3, CD4, CD25, CD71, react primarily. Disease exacerbation leads to depletion of CD8, CD16, CD20. Severe pneumonia triggers the involvement of humoral immunity, leading to changes in clinical blood analysis — leukocytosis and an increase in mature and immature forms of neutrophils. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 in blood serum increase depending on the area of inflammation and the CAP severity. In observed children with focal-draining and segmental CAP, their levels significantly increased. For empirical antibacterial therapy of CAP, recommendations include amoxicillin, protected ampicillins, third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, and vancomycin in mono- or combination therapy. Conclusion. The conducted research highlights the need for managing ethnological monitoring with antibiotic sensitivity testing of infectious agents causing CAP in children.

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Section: результатыunclassified

Community-acquired pneumonia in young children living in various climatogeographic zones of the Republic of Dagestan

Arslanova,

Aliskandiev,

Slutskaya

et al. 2024

RPJ

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Neurological Biomarker Profiles in Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Pilots and Aircrew

Rhind,

Shiu,

Vartanian

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Background/Objectives: Military aviators can be exposed to extreme physiological stressors, including decompression stress, G-forces, as well as intermittent hypoxia and/or hyperoxia, which may contribute to neurobiological dysfunction/damage. This study aimed to investigate the levels of neurological biomarkers in military aviators to assess the potential risk of long-term brain injury and neurodegeneration. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 48 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) aviators and 48 non-aviator CAF controls. Plasma samples were analyzed for biomarkers of glial activation (GFAP), axonal damage (NF-L, pNF-H), oxidative stress (PRDX-6), and neurodegeneration (T-tau), along with S100b, NSE, and UCHL-1. The biomarker concentrations were quantified using multiplexed immunoassays. Results: The aviators exhibited significantly elevated levels of GFAP, NF-L, PRDX-6, and T-tau compared to the CAF controls (p < 0.001), indicating increased glial activation, axonal injury, and oxidative stress. Trends toward higher levels of S100b, NSE, and UCHL-1 were observed but were not statistically significant. The elevated biomarker levels suggest cumulative brain damage, raising concerns about potential long-term neurological impairments. Conclusions: Military aviators are at increased risk for neurobiological injury, including glial and axonal damage, oxidative stress, and early neurodegeneration. These findings emphasize the importance of proactive monitoring and further research to understand the long-term impacts of high-altitude flight on brain health and to develop strategies for mitigating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative risks in this population.

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Endocrine, inflammatory and immune responses and individual differences in acute hypobaric hypoxia in lowlanders

Cited by 2 publications

References 50 publications

Community-acquired pneumonia in young children living in various climatogeographic zones of the Republic of Dagestan

Community-acquired pneumonia in young children living in various climatogeographic zones of the Republic of Dagestan

Neurological Biomarker Profiles in Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Pilots and Aircrew

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