Endocrine, Nutritional, and Miscellaneous Haircoat Disorders

Scott, Danny W.

doi:10.1016/b0-72-162571-1/50011-8

Equine Dermatology 2003

DOI: 10.1016/b0-72-162571-1/50011-8

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Endocrine, Nutritional, and Miscellaneous Haircoat Disorders

Danny W. Scott

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2007

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“…Hypotheses include 1) excessive adrenocortical production of sex hormones, 2) increased secretion of melanocyte stimulating hormone from the pituitary pars intermedia through loss of dopaminergic inhibition, and 3) mechanical pressure of the pituitary gland on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center. 2,9,13,19,20,22 PPID was tentatively diagnosed in this mare mainly because of the hypertrichosis, but the owner declined endocrine testing to confirm it. 12 Histologically, adenomatous hyperplasia of pars intermedia was evident along with lymphoma in this case.…”

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Hypertrichosis in a Horse with Alimentary T-Cell Lymphoma and Pituitary Involvement

et al. 2007

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Abstract. A 13-year-old Quarterhorse mare had a 6-month history of diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and lethargy. At presentation the mare was hirsute, had hyperhidrosis, and abnormal fat distribution in addition to severe diarrhea. A presumptive clinical diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction was made. T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in a rectal biopsy specimen. The owner elected to euthanize the mare because of poor prognosis and the severity of the disease. At necropsy, the mare had hypertrichosis and the pituitary gland was diffusely enlarged. Histologically, neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrated the gastrointestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, and the pituitary gland. In addition, there was hyperplasia of the pituitary gland pars intermedia. Pituitary adenoma was not present. Hypertrichosis in this case could have been triggered by a combination of adenomatous hyperplasia of pars intermedia and lymphoma resulting in disruption of the hypothalamic dopaminergic tone or disruption of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center.Key words: CD3; horses; hypertrichosis; immunohistochemistry; lymphoma; pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.Lymphoma accounts for 0.2 to 3.0% of equine neoplasms. 10 The small intestine is more commonly affected than the large intestine in the alimentary form 7,14,15,18 with secondary involvement of the liver 18 and mesenteric lymph nodes. 15 Clinical signs are usually nonspecific and include weight loss, anorexia, malabsorption, and chronic diarrhea. 7,14 Equine alimentary lymphoma is usually of Tcell origin. 7,14 Although equine lymphoma involving central nervous system has been documented sporadically, 11 such tumor in the pituitary gland has not been reported. This report describes the clinicopathologic findings in a horse with alimentary lymphoma and pituitary involvement.A 13-year-old Quarterhorse mare was presented to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of chronic diarrhea and hirsutism. The mare had a 6-month history of watery diarrhea, progressive weight loss, lethargy, and weakness in the hind limbs. At presentation the mare had a normal temperature (37.5uC), was tachycardic (60 beats/minute), and was mildly tachypneic (32 breaths/ minute). It had a long, thick, wavy hair coat, and moderate muscle wasting. Oral mucous membranes were slightly pale with normal capillary refill time. Rectal examination was within normal limits. Increased breath sounds were ausculted in the dorsal lung fields. The mare's age, physical examination findings, and history of chronic cough suggested recurrent airway obstruction. The mare was mildly ataxic. Complete blood count showed lymphopenia (0.47 3 10 3 /ml; reference range, 1.5-5.5 3 10 3 /ml) that was likely glucocorticoid-induced either from stress or in response to pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Serum chemistry showed hypoproteinemia (4.8 g/dl; reference range, 4.7-7.5 g/dl), hypoalbuminemia (1.8 g/dl; reference range, 2.5-3.8 g/dl), hypocalcemia (10.1 mg/dl...

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Hypertrichosis in a Horse with Alimentary T-Cell Lymphoma and Pituitary Involvement

et al. 2007

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Endocrine, Nutritional, and Miscellaneous Haircoat Disorders

Cited by 1 publication

References 84 publications

Hypertrichosis in a Horse with Alimentary T-Cell Lymphoma and Pituitary Involvement

Hypertrichosis in a Horse with Alimentary T-Cell Lymphoma and Pituitary Involvement

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