Endocrine Responses and Adaptations to Strength and Power Training

Effects of very short rest periods on testosterone to cortisol ratio during heavy resistance exercise in men

“…24---26 The amount or time of acute hormonal responses after RE, may be related to gaining of muscle strength and hypertrophy. 2,27 The role of acute hormonal responses is very important because anabolic hormones such as testosterone will increase protein synthesis in muscle cells. 28 Rest interval between sets in RE has a special important which is defined as the time period between the ends of training set and commence of the next set so that body condition of the individual approached to the physiological stance before the activity.…”

Strength training with vascular occlusion: a review of possible adaptive mechanisms

“…This period of time may be insufficient to note significant alterations in IGF-1 plasma levels, since, as mentioned previously, circulating IGF-1 is predominantly hepatic, being synthesized in response to stimulation by GH, a process that takes 8-30 hours [32]. Thus, owing to this length of time required for the synthesis of these growth factors in response to stimulation by GH, any occurrence of IGF-1 in the bloodstream during or immediately after exercise could suggest the rupture of fibres that have already been contained [28,32].…”

“…Kraemer and Ratamess [28] pointed at the high correlation between blood lactate and serum concentrations of GH, and maintained that the accumulation of H + could be the primary factor in the release of this hormone. In fact, Kraemer et al [29] demonstrated that strength training protocols which produced higher levels of blood lactate were also those that showed higher increases in GH concentration.…”

Paraplegia Related Osteoporosis

“…It is well known that voluntary muscle contraction is effective in the prevention of osteoporosis. [51,52] Although muscle loading plays a vital role in maintaining bone density, conflicting results regarding the effect of muscle spasms in the form of spasticity have been reported in SCI patients. [53][54][55][56] Controversial results have also been reported regarding the effect of spasticity on BMD in paraplegics.…”