Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players

Chmura, Paweł; Podgórski, Tomasz; Konefał, Marek; Rokita, Andrzej; Chmura, Jan; Andrzejewski, Marcin

doi:10.3390/ijerph16244974

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cortisol is considered to be a catabolic hormone because it stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver by increasing the glucose concentration in blood. It inhibits muscle uptake of amino acids and limits muscle protein synthesis [ 15 , 16 ]. Testosterone via its anabolic impact on the body causes the increase in the synthesis of muscle tissue, forming mass and muscle strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At rest, only 1% of testosterone circulates in the blood in the free form (FT) and is metabolically active. The remaining part is linked to the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and with albumins [ 16 , 17 ]. Analysis of the testosterone/cortisol T/C ratio is not only a good indicator of the body’s metabolic balance but is also found in the literature to be an indicator of peripheral and central fatigue in athletes [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players

Szymczak¹,

Podgórski²,

Lewandowski³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the hormonal response of wheelchair rugby participants under the half-year training cycle. The study sample included 11 members of the Polish national wheelchair rugby team with spinal cord injury at the cervical level, ranging in age from 21 to 41 years, body weight (72.2 ± 11.53 kg), and body height (182.3 ± 6.11 cm). The disabled individuals with spinal cord injury subjected to the study constitute a homogeneous group in terms of age, body height, weight, and injury level. The study was carried out at the beginning and at the end of a 6-month training period. In the first and second examination, measurements of the peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and blood biochemical analysis were performed (Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and concentration of creatinine (Cr), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and cortisol (C)). A significant change was observed in the concentration of C in the Wheelchair Rugby players’ blood between two research periods (p < 0.05 (ES:0.76)) and a correlation between the post-training change in FT/C concentration and the change in Cr concentration (r = −0.6014, p < 0.05). The 6-month training period did not result in overloads within the group of players. However, due to the significant loss of the capacity of the spinal cord injury (SCI) and the possibility of a life-threatening trend, the anabolic/catabolic status of the players should be monitored using blood biochemical indices.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players

Szymczak¹,

Podgórski²,

Lewandowski³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High-intensity exercise has been known to increase circulating IGF-1, one of the most important anabolic factors, that takes place following exercise below and above the anabolic threshold ( Copeland and Heggie, 2008 ; Żebrowska et al, 2009 ; Hackney et al, 2016 ). Exercise-associated increase in testosterone (T) and T/C ratio, might potentially influence muscle protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory properties, and GH/IGF-1 axis response to exercise ( Chmura et al, 2019 , Oliveira et al, 2009). It has been hypothesized that testosterone induced a reduction in circulating IGF-1 levels and may have a direct, IGF-1 and GH-independent effect on muscle growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Endocrine Responses to Exercise in Female Soccer Players

Janikowska

Kochańska-Dziurowicz

Pokora³

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Kinetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of the study to determine the effects of graded exercise on the cytokines and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (hGH), testosterone (T), and cortisol (C) concentrations in the peripheral blood of female soccer players, and to evaluate if increased inflammatory biomarkers were related to these hormones and performance variables. Sixteen female soccer players (N = 16, age 19.3 ± 2.3 years) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected at three time points: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and in the 15th minute of recovery, to evaluate morphological and biochemical variables. The relative expression of IL-6 (interleukin 6) and serum concentrations of the cytokines were increased in the recovery period compared to pre-exercise levels (p = 0.03 and p=0.005, respectively). There was a significant effect of exercise on serum hGH level (p “ 0.001), T/C ratio (p = 0.001), and C level (p=0.02). Positive correlations were found between: post-exercise IL-1β (interleukin 1 beta) and IL-6 (R = 0.84, p = 0.000), and the IL-6 and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) gene expression during recovery (R = 0.65, p = 0.009), and serum IL-1β post-exercise and maximal power (R = 0.68; p = 0.004). Exercise-induced serum C levels positively correlated with IGF-1 levels (R = 0.52 p = 0.05). Negative associations were revealed between post-exercise T/C ratio and IGF-1 (R = - 0.58, p = 0.03) and serum free T and IL- β (R = -0.56, p = 0.04) levels. The low level of pre-exercise genes and protein of the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α indicate a lack of inflammation signs in the female soccer players. This study shows significant effects of exercise on hormone levels and pro-inflammatory markers, which could be used to identify the role of female sex steroids on the immune function.

show abstract

“…There are a limited number of published studies on the acute neuromuscular, biochemical, or endocrine responses to soccer training. Chmura et al (2019) examined T and C concentrations in response to a 1 vs 1 SSG with variable durations but constant work-to-rest ratios (i.e., 1:4).…”

Section: Acute Responses To Soccer Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fatigue and recovery time course from matches being studied extensively (e.g., Nedelec et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2018), there is very limited research on the impact of SSG training on fatigue and recovery markers, which may have important implications for their placement within the training week. To date, the only study that has assessed the acute hormonal responses to isolated SSG training was performed by Chmura et al (2019), however, they only studied the T and C responses to 1 vs 1 SSG training up to 30-min post-exercise. The authors concluded that a longer recovery time between SSG repetitions reduced the immediate catabolic response in this cohort of u-18 soccer players.…”

Section: Summary Of the Previous Responses To Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Concurrent Training in Soccer Players

Sparkes¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This thesis was designed to enhance our understanding of the acute responses to small-sided games (SSG) and their integration into a concurrent training program along with resistance training (RT) in soccer. The first study characterised the neuromuscular, biochemical, endocrine, and perceptual responses to SSG training over 24-hours. The SSG (4vs4+goalkeepers; 6x7-min; 2-min inter-set recovery) induced immediate fatigue which persisted until the following morning. However, neuromuscular function presented a bimodal recovery pattern, whereby there was a temporary recovery at 2 hours post. Therefore, it was determined that the performance of a secondary training session at 2 hours post may not be compromised. The second study compared the responses to a day consisting of SSG training (single), versus a day consisting of SSG plus RT 2 hours later (double). The double training session resulted in further small impairments in neuromuscular, perceptual, and endocrine markers at 24 hours post training. The third study manipulated the order of SSG and RT and compared the performance of training and the 24-hour responses. This study found that whilst there were significant within-day differences in neuromuscular and endocrine markers, there were no differences at 24 hours post training. Furthermore, the order of SSG and RT did not affect the performance of SSG, but perceived exertion during RT was higher when performed after SSG training. This thesis provides a series of novel findings that enhance our understanding of the responses to SSG, the effects of performing multiple daily training sessions, and the effects of training order in soccer.

show abstract

Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players

Physical Fitness and Inflammatory Response to the Training Load of Wheelchair Rugby Players

Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Endocrine Responses to Exercise in Female Soccer Players

The Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Concurrent Training in Soccer Players

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About