Endocrine Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Context of Aging

Máčová, Ludmila; Bičı́ková, Marie; Hampl, R

doi:10.33549/physiolres.934723

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Infections such as COVID-19 in older persons and those with comorbidities synergistically increased adverse clinical outcomes and risk of death [236][237][238][239][240][244][245][246]. This is partly due to adverse effects on innate and adaptive immune systems, as seen in diabetes and neuroendocrine processes [69].…”

Section: Later Studies In 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Withholding Cost-Effective Early Treatments, such as Vitamin D, on COVID-19: An Analysis Using an Innovative Logical ParadigmThe Impact of Withholding Cost-Effective Early Treatments, such as Vitamin D, on COVID-19: An Analysis Using an Inno

Athula K. Polonowita,

Sunil J. Wimalawansa

2023

World J. Adv. Pharm. Life Sci.

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Purpose: While numerous widely accepted nutraceuticals lack randomized clinical trial (RCT) validation, regulatory bodies prioritize RCTs as the primary evidence for testing hypotheses for drug approvals. Despite challenges in authorizing generic therapies for SARS-CoV-2, regulatory bodies promptly granted Emergency Use Authorization for patented agents. This study evaluated whether the clinical trial data yielded adequate evidence to justify the approval of generic compounds, like vitamin D, as adjunct therapy to combat SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We employed an ancient logic system, seamlessly integrated with modern scientific principles and artificial intelligence principles, to analyze empirical data from 7 papers published in 2020. Subsequently, we compared the results with over 200 scientific papers (including over 100 treatment studies) referenced in a large (big)database. This study aimed to determine if there was substantial evidence in 2020 to support the approval of generic agents such as vitamin D (and ivermectin) for treating COVID-19. Results: The drug approval process undervalues well-designed observational studies, placing them in a subordinate position to RCTs when assessing effectiveness, even for nutrients. Our utilization of Catuskoti, an innovative logical method, highlights its potential as a catalyst for scientific progress, including big data analysis and integrating artificial intelligence into nutrient and pharmaceutical approval processes. Conclusions: Analyses conducted within this logical framework affirmed a robust inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and positive clinical outcomes in COVID-19 cases. Emphasizing the broader adoption of Catuskoti logic, particularly in analyzing big data and Machine Learning paradigms, becomes crucial in drug approvals. This approach aims to mitigate harm to individuals in future pandemics by promptly providing a more comprehensive understanding of the relationships between variables.

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Section: Later Studies In 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Withholding Cost-Effective Early Treatments, such as Vitamin D, on COVID-19: An Analysis Using an Innovative Logical ParadigmThe Impact of Withholding Cost-Effective Early Treatments, such as Vitamin D, on COVID-19: An Analysis Using an Inno

Athula K. Polonowita,

Sunil J. Wimalawansa

2023

World J. Adv. Pharm. Life Sci.

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“…Finally, obesity and associated-metabolic syndrome, in conjunction with a lack of physical activity cause systemic inflammation and adversely affect immune function and host defense in a way that mimics immunosenescence. ( 21 ) The existing data suggest that physical activity is associated with decreased COVID-19 cases and deaths. ( 22 ) Furthermore, we suggest that moderate physical activity with low intensity exercise, that can be initiated at the level of 1-3 metabolic equivalent of tasks or equivalent, should be part of COVID-19 patients’ rehabilitation programs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, COVID-19, and respiratory comorbidities: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Dinh-Xuan

Hua-Huy

Günther

2023

Journal of Sport and Health Science

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Angiotensin I and II Stimulate Cell Invasion of SARS-CoV-2: Potential Mechanism via Inhibition of ACE2 Arm of RAS

Zorad,

Skrabanova,

Zilkova

et al. 2024

Physiol Res

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), one of the key enzymes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection by functioning as a virus receptor. Angiotensin peptides Ang I and Ang II, the substrates of ACE2, can modulate the binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. In the present work, we found that co incubation of HEK-ACE2 and Vero E6 cells with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus (PVP) resulted in stimulation of the virus entry at low and high micromolar concentrations of Ang I and Ang II, respectively. The potency of Ang I and Ang II stimulation of virus entry corresponds to their binding affinity to ACE2 catalytic pocket with 10 times higher efficiency of Ang II. The Ang II induced mild increase of PVP infectivity at 20 µM; while at 100 µM the increase (129.74±3.99 %) was highly significant (p<0.001). Since the angiotensin peptides act in HEK ACE2 cells without the involvement of angiotensin type I receptors, we hypothesize that there is a steric interaction between the catalytic pocket of the ACE2 enzyme and the SARS-CoV-2 S1 binding domain. Oversaturation of the ACE2 with their angiotensin substrate might result in increased binding and entry of the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the analysis of angiotensin peptides metabolism showed decreased ACE2 and increased ACE activity upon SARS-CoV-2 action. These effects should be taken into consideration in COVID-19 patients suffering from comorbidities such as the over-activated renin-angiotensin system as a mechanism potentially influencing the SARS-CoV-2 invasion into recipient cells.

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Endocrine Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Context of Aging

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

The Impact of Withholding Cost-Effective Early Treatments, such as Vitamin D, on COVID-19: An Analysis Using an Innovative Logical ParadigmThe Impact of Withholding Cost-Effective Early Treatments, such as Vitamin D, on COVID-19: An Analysis Using an Inno

The Impact of Withholding Cost-Effective Early Treatments, such as Vitamin D, on COVID-19: An Analysis Using an Innovative Logical ParadigmThe Impact of Withholding Cost-Effective Early Treatments, such as Vitamin D, on COVID-19: An Analysis Using an Inno

Physical activity, COVID-19, and respiratory comorbidities: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Angiotensin I and II Stimulate Cell Invasion of SARS-CoV-2: Potential Mechanism via Inhibition of ACE2 Arm of RAS

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