Endocrine Therapy of Adult Gender-Incongruent Individuals Seeking Gender Reaffirmation

Majumder, Anirban

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1749406

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

(86 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… 5 7 In a study by Sreelesh et al, 10 most common etiological factor was found to be hormonal imbalance (47.95%). Majumder 11 in his study demonstrates the role of estrogen in breast development in patients seeking gender reaffirmation. AAS consumption presents a major cause in the development of gynecomastia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Burden of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid-Induced Gynecomastia

Beniwal

Singh

et al. 2023

Indian J Plast Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Gynecomastia is benign proliferation of male breast tissue that can be idiopathic or secondary to hormonal imbalance. Consumption of steroids plays a major role in the development of gynecomastia. The increased consumption of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) in youngsters to boost the physical strength and improve appearance is associated with increased prevalence of gynecomastia. True estimation of AAS-associated gynecomastia is difficult to calculate and prone to underestimation because of low social acceptance. Accurate estimation is required to assess future healthcare, for prevention and to give appropriate treatment. Aims and Objectives The aim of this study was to calculate the steroid consumption in gynecomastia patients accurately so that appropriate treatment can be given and their response to treatment could be analysed. Methods This is a prospective study done in a tertiary care hospital from June 2019 to June 2022. All the gynecomastia patients treated during this period in Burns & Plastic Surgery Department of PGIMS Rohtak were included in the study. Patient's detailed history was recorded and also after 3 months of surgery patients were again enquired about their history to record any change. Results Real prevalence of AAS-associated gynecomastia (39.19%) was much higher than that recorded in preoperative period (4.05%). Also, AAS users were having higher body mass index and a greater proportion of patients were bodybuilders. Conclusion Patients with high body mass index, athletic body, and history of recent weight gain should raise the suspicion of anabolic steroid intake. Surgery is not always indicated in AAS-associated gynecomastia. If gynecomastia persisted, surgery necessitates and it involves meticulous intraoperative hemostasis and careful glandular excision to minimize recurrence and achieve low complication rates.

show abstract