Endocytic recycling

Maxfield, Frederick R.; McGraw, Timothy E.

doi:10.1038/nrm1315

Cited by 1,685 publications

(1,813 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Recycling pathways of endocytosed materials and components of the cell surface might involve several sorting events that take place at different steps of the pathway 88 . The major sorting and recycling pathway begins at the early (also known as the sorting) endosome, from where cell-surface components can be recycled back to the plasma membrane in a fast recycling step.…”

Section: Outbound Trafficmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powering membrane traffic in endocytosis and recycling

Soldati

Schliwa

2006

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol

314

279

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| Early in evolution, the diversification of membrane-bound compartments that characterize eukaryotic cells was accompanied by the elaboration of molecular machineries that mediate intercompartmental communication and deliver materials to specific destinations. Molecular motors that move on tracks of actin filaments or microtubules mediate the movement of organelles and transport between compartments. The subjects of this review are the motors that power the transport steps along the endocytic and recycling pathways, their modes of attachment to cargo and their regulation.The emergence of eukaryotic cells was accompanied by the development of endomembrane systems that compartmentalize biochemical pathways and biosynthetic processes. An evolutionary trend towards increasing complexity and subcellular specialization necessitated the development of machineries for intercompartmental communication. Molecular assemblies evolved to confer specificity to the interactions of donor and acceptor compartments (budding, sorting, tethering and fusion). Cytoskeletal polymers such as actin filaments and microtubules, which help segregate genetic material and determine cell shape and subcellular architecture, were co-opted as tracks for transport. In animal cells, microtubules support long-range transport, whereas the more flexible actin filaments serve short-range movements both near the cell periphery and in the cell interior. Also, actin filaments can be woven into dense networks of short fibres through the action of crosslinkers and branchpromoting complexes. On the other hand, in many plant cells, bundled actin filaments can form extended tracks for long-distance transport. Owing to the gel-like nature of the cytoplasm, the Brownian movement of organelles is severely restricted and cargoes have to be transported to their destinations at the expense of energy. Furthermore, seemingly random, but motor-dependent, movement is proposed to increase the probability of vesicle collisions and therefore promote fusion events. Movement is powered by three ATP-dependent motors: myosin, kinesin and dynein. Over the course of eukaryotic evolution, these motors have diversified into a large number of families with specific tasks (FIG. 1).Here, we review the involvement of molecular motors in the movement of endosomes and in vesicular trafficking along the endocytic and recycling pathways. These pathways are summarized in FIG. 2. We do not, however,

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Section: Outbound Trafficmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powering membrane traffic in endocytosis and recycling

Soldati

Schliwa

2006

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol

314

279

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“…To further investigate the itinerary of Sef trafficking, we compared the distribution of Sef with that of internalized transferrin, because transferrin is known to reach the early endosomes at earlier stage of internalization and to enter into recycling compartments at later stage before returning to the cell surface, but not to be sorted into late endosomes/ lysosomes [22,23]. For convenient observation by immunostaining assay, we stably expressed hSef-GFP and used Alexa594-conjugated transferrin in HeLa cells.…”

Section: Ectopically Expressed Hsef Protein Is Localized Into the Endmentioning

confidence: 99%

hSef potentiates EGF-mediated MAPK signaling through affecting EGFR trafficking and degradation

Ren

Cheng

Rong

et al. 2008

Cellular Signalling

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Sef (similar expression to fgf genes) was identified as an effective antagonist of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in vertebrates. Previous reports have demonstrated that Sef interacts with FGF receptors (FGFRs) and inhibits FGF signaling, however, its role in regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling remains unclear. In this report, we found that hSef localizes to the plasma membrane (PM) and is subjected to rapid internalization and well localizes in early/ recycling endosomes while poorly in late endosomes/lysosomes. We observed that hSef interacts and functionally colocalizes with EGFR in early endosomes in response to EGF stimulation. Importantly, we demonstrated that overexpression of hSef attenuates EGFR degradation and potentiates EGF-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling by interfering EGFR trafficking. Finally, our data showed that, with overexpression of hSef, elevated levels of Erk phosphorylation and differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells occur in response to EGF stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that hSef plays a positive role in the EGFRmediated MAPK signaling pathway. This report, for the first time, reveals opposite roles for Sef in EGF and FGF signalings.

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“…CDE and CIE are the most relevant mechanisms operating in the internalization of pDNA-nonviral gene delivery system complexes. The first route is characterized by the formation of clathrin coated pits (31). CIE includes several pathways which share a cholesterol dependency (32), among which caveolin mediated endocytosis Cav-ME is probably the most thoroughly characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights in cellular uptake mechanisms of pDNA–polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles (CDplexes)

Díaz‐Moscoso

Vercauteren

Rejman

et al. 2010

Journal of Controlled Release

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have equally contributed to the reported work. Abstr actIt is generally recognized that the major obstacle to efficient gene delivery is cellular internalization and endosomal escape of the DNA. Recently, we have developed a modular strategy for the preparation of well-defined polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins (paCDs) capable of complexing and compacting DNA into homogeneous nanoparticles (<70 nm).Since paCDs resemble both cationic polymers and cationic lipids, it is conceivable that the corresponding pDNA-paCD nanoparticles (CDplexes) might use the cell uptake and endosomal escape mechanisms described for both lipoplexes and polyplexes. To verify this hypothesis, we have now investigated the uptake and transfection efficiencies of CDplexes in the presence of several inhibitors of endocytosis, namely chlorpromazine, genistein, dynasore and methylated β-cyclodextrin (MbCD). Our data show that CDplexes obtained from paCD 1, which ranks among the most efficient paCD gene vectors reported up to date, are internalized by both clathrin-dependent (CDE) and clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE), both processes being cholesterol-and dynamin-dependent. We observed that the largest fraction of gene complexes is taken up via CDE, but this fraction is less relevant for transfection. The smaller fraction that is internalized via the CIE pathway is predominantly responsible for successful transfection. Intr oductionThe successful delivery of therapeutic genes into cells and their availability at the intracellular site of action are crucial requirements for successful gene therapy. During the last decade, under the advent of nanotechnology, a broad diversity of creative materials featuring promising properties for nonviral gene delivery applications has emerged, (1). Cationic polymers and lipids, or their combinations, have shown the ability to bind nucleic acids through electrostatic interactions and condense them into complexes that can be readily internalized by cells (2-3). The gene delivering capabilities of many of these systems have been thoroughly investigated. Yet, drawing firm conclusions that might serve to provide feedback for the design of improved delivery entities is a delicate issue as a consequence of the essentially polydisperse nature of such structures (4).The control of the architecture of multifunctional macromolecules is a major determinant in the rational design of successful nonviral gene delivery systems. Novel 3 strategies have been implemented to build up well defined constructs featuring selfassembling capabilities in the presence of nucleic acids. In this context, the unique characteristics of dendrimers and other highly ordered clusters, such as uniformity, monodispersity and multivalency, have attracted increasing attention (5-8). Homogeneous external functionalization of these platforms becomes, however, exponentially more complicated as the dendrimer generation increases (9-10). The use of preorganized macrocyclic scaffolds, such as calixarenes, to achieve a precise alignment of functiona...

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Endocytic recycling

Cited by 1,685 publications

References 136 publications

Powering membrane traffic in endocytosis and recycling

Powering membrane traffic in endocytosis and recycling

hSef potentiates EGF-mediated MAPK signaling through affecting EGFR trafficking and degradation

Insights in cellular uptake mechanisms of pDNA–polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles (CDplexes)

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