Endocytoscopic findings of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (with video)

Takeda, Kazuya; Kudo, Shin‐ei; Misawa, Masashi; Mori, Yuichi; Yamano, Miki; Inoue, Haruhiro

doi:10.1055/a-0591-9279

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is necessary to distinguish NETs from other submucosal lesions, like lipoma or myoma, which are usually not treated, and this can be performed using an endocytoscope, an ultra-high magnifying endoscope that allows the visualization of tumor cells in the submucosa, the glandular structure, and cellular atypia in vivo. In endocytoscopy, NETs appear as cells with small round nuclei arranged in a cord-like or honeycomb array [ 14 ].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Rectal Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs)

et al. 2021

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Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare, with an incidence of 0.17%, but they represent 12% to 27% of all NETs and 20% of gastrointestinal NETs. Although rectal NETs are uncommon tumors, their incidence has increased over the past few years, and this is probably due to the improvement in detection rates made by advanced endoscopic procedures. The biological behavior of rectal NETs may be different: factors predicting the risk of metastases have been identified, such as size and grade of differentiation. The tendency for metastatic diffusion generally depends on the tumor size, muscular and lymphovascular infiltration, and histopathological differentiation. According to the current European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) guidelines, tumors that are smaller than 10 mm and well differentiated are thought to have a low risk of lymphovascular invasion, and they should be completely removed endoscopically. Rectal NETs larger than 20 mm have a higher risk of involvement of muscularis propria and high metastatic risk and are candidates for surgical resection. There is controversy over rectal NETs of intermediate size, 10–19 mm, where the metastatic risk is considered to be 10–15%: assessment of tumors endoscopically and by endoanal ultrasound should guide treatment in these cases towards endoscopic, transanal, or surgical resection.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Rectal Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs)

et al. 2021

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“…Patients with NECs also have enlarged lymph nodes and liver metastasis [122]. Patient with colorectal NETs can be diagnosed by endocytoscopy, which enables real-time endoscopic assessment of the histology [123].…”

Section: Diagnostic Work-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours – an overview

Maciejewski¹,

Buchalska²,

Solnik³

et al. 2022

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) belong to a group of various tumours that can arise on many internal organs. Among NENs a large class of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) can be distinguished, which comprise neoplasms arising from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Therefore, this review provides the current status of the World Health Organization classification of GEP-NETs as well as an overview of their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment methods. GEP-NETs are generally divided into 5 groups: pancreatic NETs (PanNETs), gastric NETs (G-NETs), duodenal NETs (D-NETs), jejunoileal NETs (Je-Ile NETs), and neuroendocrine neoplasms of the large intestine. Moreover, in each group several subtypes have been introduced according to cell differentiation, mitotic rate, and Ki-67 index. Low-and intermediate-grade GEP-NETs are well differentiated, have a mitotic rate under 20, and a Ki-67 index under 20%. High-grade GEP-NETs, however, are characterized by poor differentiation, mitotic rate over 20, and Ki-67 index over 20%. StreszczenieNowotwory neuroendokrynne (NENs) obejmują różnorodne guzy, które mogą powstać w obrębie wielu narządów wewnętrznych. Pośród NENs można wyszczególnić klasę nowotworów neuroendokrynnych trzustki i przewodu pokarmowego, określanych wspólnie jako GEP-NETs. Obecne kryteria klasyfikacji GEP-NETs są nieprecyzyjne i różnią się pomiędzy różnymi źródłami, dlatego celem pracy przeglądowej było opisanie jednoznacznych kryteriów diagnostycznych zaproponowanych przez WHO. Ponadto w artykule zawarto przegląd literatury dotyczący objawów, metod diagnostycznych oraz leczenia GEP--NETs. GEP-NETs zostały podzielone na pięć następujących klas: nowotwory neuroendokrynne trzustki (PanNETs), żołądka (G-NETs), dwunastnicy (D-NETs), jelita cienkiego i krętego (Je-Ile NETs) oraz jelita grubego. W każdej klasie wyróżniono kilka podgrup, opierając się na stopniu zróżnicowania komórek nowotworu, wskaźniku mitotycznym oraz wartości indeksu Ki-67. GEP-NETs niskiego i pośredniego stopnia zaawansowania są dobrze zróżnicowane, mają częstość podziałów poniżej 20, a wartość indeksu Ki-67 to poniżej 20%. GEP-NETs o wysokim poziomie zaawansowania cechują się niskim stopniem zróżnicowania komórek, wskaźnikiem mitotycznym powyżej 20 oraz wartością indeksu Ki-67 powyżej 20%.

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Endocytoscopic findings of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (with video)

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Diagnosis and Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs)

Diagnosis and Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs)

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours – an overview

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