Endocytosis inTrypanosoma cruziDepends on Proper Recruitment and Regulation of Functionally Redundant Myosin Motors

Abstract

The cytostome-cytopharynx complex (SPC) is an endocytic organelle absent from all human trypanosomatid pathogens save Trypanosoma cruzi. Building upon our previous work identifying the myosin motor MyoF as the first enzymatic component of the T. cruzi SPC, we sought to expand our understanding of this organelle by identifying additional protein machinery which contribute to endocytosis. While deletion of MyoF alone did not fully ablate endocytosis, we found that deletion of both MyoF and the similarly localized MyoC produced an endocytic-null phenotype that was rescued upon complementation. To identify potential regulatory components of this motor complex, we pulled down MyoF and identified an SPC-targeted protein that was conserved across a wide range of protozoan lineages. Deletion of this myosin associated protein (MyAP) alone was sufficient to produce an endocytic-null phenotype, which we were able to fully rescue via complementation. The deletion of MyAP also caused the mis-localization of both cytopharynx myosins to the cytosol. While MyAP lacking the EF-hand domain was unable to complement endocytosis, it was sufficient to restore proper myosin localization. This suggested that MyAP plays two distinct roles, one in targeting myosins to the SPC and a second in regulating myosin motor activity. Lipidomic analysis subsequently revealed a dramatic reduction in the scavenged cholesterol content in the endocytic-null mutants. Overall, this work showcases the first viable endocytic-null mutants generated in T. cruzi through specific gene deletion and highlights the feasibility of leveraging this strategy towards a full dissection of the endocytic machinery and biogenesis of the SPC.