Endodontic Irrigation Solutions: A Review

Abstract

The goal of endodontic treatment is to remove all the vital and necrotic tissues, microorganisms and microbial byproducts from root canal system. This goal can be achieved through chemical and mechanical debridement of root canals. This article narrates the specifics and requirements of the irrigation solutions. Sodium hypochlorite is proposed as the primary irrigant by virtue of its organic tissue dissolution capacity and broad antimicrobial properties. On the other hand, chelation solutions are recommended as auxiliary solutions to remove the smear layer or to hinder its formation on dentin surface. Thus, it's hoped that sealers and root canal fillers can penetrate to dentin tubules and obturate the canals hermetically. There are new studies on traditional irrigants especially on some irrigants that can replace sodium hypoclorite. This article reviews the new irrigants which can be used in future endodontic practice, and their advantages and limitations. Moreover, actions and interactions of recently used irrigants are adverted.

A comparative evaluation of smear layer removal by using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, citric acid, and maleic acid as root canal irrigants: An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study

“…Therefore, to maximize safety, the use of 1–5-mL syringes is recommended. [ 21 ] Hence, we used 3 ml syringe for irrigation purposes. We used RC Twents side-vented needle tips (prime dental products), which can penetrate more deeply into the apical one-third because of the small-bore size, i.e., 27 gauge.…”

Capacidad de Disolución del Hipoclorito de Sodio con o sin Activación

“…NaOCl se inactiva al interactuar con materia orgánica 11 , debido a que se producen reacciones de saponificación, neutralización, y formación de cloraminas, reacciones que ocurren principalmente en la superficie de contacto entre NaOCl y materia orgánica, llevan a la licuefacción del tejido 11 y las moléculas de NaOCl involucradas se consumen, resultando en una disminución de su concentración y actividad local. Además, soluciones acuosas de NaOCl tienen altos valores de tensión superficial, lo que disminuye su capacidad de humectación, por lo que la adición de surfactantes mejoraría esta propiedad 12 .…”

Melatoni̇ni̇n Kök Denti̇ni̇nde Smear Kaldirma Etki̇si̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇

“…Bu solüsyonların baĢında da hala yoğun olarak kullanılan sodyum hipoklorit (NaOCI) ve etilendiamintetraasetikasit (EDTA) gelmektedir. [4][5][6] AraĢtırmacılar NaOCI"nin ve EDTA"nın endodontik irigan olarak kullanılması sonrası periapikal dokulardan taĢması nedeniyle, periradiküler dokularda irritasyon ve ağrı olduğunu bildirmiĢlerdir. Ayrıca EDTA doğal su kaynaklarını kirleten, kolayca biyolojik olarak bozulmayan bir solüsyondur.…”