Endogenous carbon monoxide production in disease

CO metabolism, sensing, and signaling

“…Remarkably, heme-independent sources for CO production have been reported [12,57,58]. Indeed, minor sources of CO include the auto-and enzymatic-oxidation of flavonoids, halomethanes, and phenols, the photo-oxidation of organic compounds, and the peroxidation of membrane lipids [12,58].…”

“…In women, the endogenous CO production doubles during the progesterone phase (0.62 mL/h vs. 0.32 mL/h in estrogen phase), and increases during pregnancy (0.92 mL/h) due to contributions from fetal endogenous CO production (0.036 mL/h) and altered Hb metabolism [58]. Enhanced endogenous CO production is also caused by the increase in HbCO concentration with altitude, and by a number of different pathological conditions, including hemolytic, inflammatory, and oxidative diseases [58]. The administration of drugs, such as allyl-containing compounds (acetamides and barbiturates), contraceptives, diphenylhydantoin, nicotinic acid, phenobarbital, progesterone, and statins induce CO formation.…”

“…Endogenous CO levels can be influenced by either pathophysiological conditions or chemicals inducing red blood cells destruction, hemoprotein breakdown, and HO-1 activity [58]. In women, the endogenous CO production doubles during the progesterone phase (0.62 mL/h vs. 0.32 mL/h in estrogen phase), and increases during pregnancy (0.92 mL/h) due to contributions from fetal endogenous CO production (0.036 mL/h) and altered Hb metabolism [58].…”

“…Indeed, minor sources of CO include the auto-and enzymatic-oxidation of flavonoids, halomethanes, and phenols, the photo-oxidation of organic compounds, and the peroxidation of membrane lipids [12,58]. The reduction of cytochrome b 5 is also accompanied by CO production [57].…”

Real-time breath gas analysis of CO and CO2 using an EC-QCL

“…The normal range for end-tidal exhaled CO (eCO) concentrations of healthy non-smokers is 1-3 parts per million by volume (ppmv). Increased levels have been observed in smokers and diseased cohorts, but the usefulness of eCO to diagnose respiratory diseases, such asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis is currently under debate [29]. Because the systemic eCO contribution from the alveoli is large and eCO is heavily influenced by inhaled CO (e.g.…”