Endogenous ethanol and acetaldehyde in the mechanisms of adaptation of small mammals to northern conditions

Kolosova, O.N.; Кершенгольц, Б. М.

doi:10.1134/s1067413617010088

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Regarding the production of ethanol by animals, direct evidences are scarcer and this has always been a subject of controversy [9]. However, convincing examples exist in some fish species adapted to hypoxia [10] and in mammals adapted to cold [11,12], see further details in the paragraphs below. As such, one of the objectives of this article is to encourage research in this direction, for instance, by exploring the possibility that for animals facing hypoxia/anoxia, the microbiota may be a source of exogenous ethanol [9].…”

Section: Introduction: Ethanol a Metabolite With Controversial Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animals , physiological concentrations of ethanol have been measured and found in several fluids and organs: blood, plasma, liver, kidney, brain, muscle, and heart. Ethanol found in cold‐adapted animals (e.g., the red‐backed vole Myodes rutilus and the reindeer Rangifer tarandus ) increases the organism's resistance to cold temperatures and helps to maintain thermoregulation even under rapid and dramatic drops of ambient temperature [11,12]. In most mammals, homeothermy is regulated by neural circuits [25], whether ethanol alters these signals or not is still a matter of debate.…”

Section: Introduction: Ethanol a Metabolite With Controversial Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of animals and plants to physiological doses of ethanol: a molecular messenger of hypoxia?

Diot,

Groth,

Blanchet

et al. 2024

The FEBS Journal

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Our viewpoint is that ethanol could act as a molecular messenger in animal and plant organisms under conditions of hypoxia or other stresses and could elicit physiological responses to such conditions. There is evidence that both animal and plant organisms have endogenous levels of ethanol, but reports on the changes induced by this alcohol at physiological levels are sparse. Studies have shown that ethanol has different effects on cell metabolism at low and high concentrations, resembling a hormetic response. Further studies have addressed the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms used by organisms to sense changes in physiological concentrations of ethanol. This article summarizes the possible mechanisms by which ethanol may be sensed, particularly at the cell membrane level. Our analysis shows that current knowledge on this subject is limited. More research is required on the effects of ethanol at very low doses, in plants and animals at both molecular and physiological levels. We believe that further research on this topic could lead to new discoveries in physiology and may even help us understand metabolic adjustments related to climate change. As temperatures rise more frequently, dissolved oxygen levels drop, leading to hypoxic conditions and consequently, an increase in cellular ethanol levels.

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Section: Introduction: Ethanol a Metabolite With Controversial Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: Ethanol a Metabolite With Controversial Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of animals and plants to physiological doses of ethanol: a molecular messenger of hypoxia?

Diot,

Groth,

Blanchet

et al. 2024

The FEBS Journal

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“…One such system includes ADH and AHD metabolizing EE and EA. (1)(2)(3)(4) It has been established that maintaining an optimal state of homeostasis when adapting to cold in the series "cold-adapted mammals (including humans) → small coldadapted animals → large aboriginal cold-adapted animals of the North → hibernating animals," regardless of species specificity and living conditions, is largely due to the ratio of concentrations of EE and EA in the blood, depending on the liver activity of ADH and AHD. (5) It has also been shown that the blood concentration of EE and EA of indigenous people in the conditions of the North is 30%-40% higher than the values of similar parameters in the conditions of the central zone of Russia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This happens due to specific adaptive changes in the activity of ADH and AHD, as well as to ADH-and AHDdependent increases in the EA level, which reduces the level of aerobic metabolism and energy losses of the body in cold conditions. (3)(4)(5) At the same time, those animals whose EE level remains low on the background of cold stresses (EG2b) begin to feel the need for EE replenishment due to exogenous intake. Realization of this need allows the body to survive during cold stresses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Stress and Endogenic System Ethanol – Acetaldehyde

Kolosova¹,

Kerschengolts²,

Khlebnyy³

2019

IJBM

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The article presents data on the effects of cold stress on changes in the concentrations of endogenous ethanol (EE) and acetaldehyde (EA), and the activities of the key enzymes involved in their metabolism-alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD) in laboratory animals. Mature male Wistar rats were used in the experiment. Animals in the vivarium were kept in cages at a temperature of 20°-22°C, without limitation of mobility, with free access to water with an adjustable light schedule (12 hours-light, 12 hours-darkness). Simulation of cold stressing was carried out for 7 weeks at a temperature of 1-2°C, starting from 0.5 hour to 6 hours per day by the fourth week of the experiment. The concentration of EE and EA was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis of the activity of the ADH and AHD enzymes was performed by standard spectrophotometric methods. The experiment showed that during cold stresses, the survival rate in rats strongly correlates with the EE content in the blood (r=0.757÷0.923). This fact suggests that when adapting cold-adapted animals to the effects of low temperatures, it is important to increase the EE concentration in the body, and the consumption of EE compensates for the increased need of the body in cold conditions for this metabolite. Based on the data obtained, a probable mechanism of the participation of EE in the processes of adaptation of higher vertebrates to cold is presented, which includes specific adaptive changes in the activities of the ADH and AHD enzymes.

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Endogenous ethanol and acetaldehyde in the mechanisms of adaptation of small mammals to northern conditions

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Responses of animals and plants to physiological doses of ethanol: a molecular messenger of hypoxia?

Responses of animals and plants to physiological doses of ethanol: a molecular messenger of hypoxia?

Cold Stress and Endogenic System Ethanol – Acetaldehyde

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