Aim:To compare the vasorelaxing effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) on isolated aortic and pulmonary artery rings and to determine their action mechanisms. Methods: H 2 S-induced vasorelaxation of isolated rat aortic versus pulmonary artery rings under 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 was analyzed. The expression of cystathinonine gamma-lyase (CSE), cystathionine beta synthase (CBS), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST), SUR2B and Kir6.1 was examined. Results: NaHS caused vasorelaxation of rat aortic and pulmonary artery rings in a dose-dependent manner. NaHS dilated aortic rings to a greater extent (16.4%, 38.4%, 64.1%, 84.3%, and 95.9% at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μmol/L, respectively) than pulmonary artery rings (10.1%, 22.2%, 50.6%, 73.6%, and 84.6% at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 μmol/L, respec tively). The EC 50 of the vasorelaxant effect for aortic rings was 152.17 μmol/L, whereas the EC 50 for pulmonary artery rings was 233.65 μmol/L. The vasorelaxing effect of H 2 S was markedly blocked b y cellular and mitochondrial membrane K ATP channel blockers in aortic rings (P<0.01). In contrast, only the cellular membrane K ATP channel blocker inhibited H 2 S-induced vasorelaxation in pulmonary artery rings. SUR2B mRNA and protein expression was higher in aortic rings than in pulmonary artery rings. Cystathinonine gamma-lyase (CSE) but not cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) expression in aortic rings was higher than in pulmonary artery rings. 3-Mercapto pyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) mRNA was lower in aortic rings than in pulmonary artery rings. Conclusion: The vasorelaxing effect of H 2 S on isolated aortic rings was more pronounced than the effect on pulmonary artery rings at specific concentrations, which might be associated with increased expression of the K ATP channel subunit SUR2B.