Endogenous polyamine content and metabolism in the ectomycorrhizal fungus <i>Paxillus involutus</i>

Fornalé, Silvia; Sarjala, Tytti; Bagni, Nello

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00480.x

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Exogenously added Spd and Spm protect plants from saline stress (Chattopadhyay et al 2002 ) whereas transgenic plants overexpressing Spd and Spm biosynthetic enzymes are more tolerant to saline and hyperosmotic stress (Kasukabe et al 2004 ) . Similar pathways for Put synthesis to those described in plants and bacteria have been found in ectomycorhizae (Fornalé et al 1999 ) and in an AM fungus (Sannazzaro et al 2004 ) . Information regarding polyamines in AMF or in their symbiotic interaction with plants is very limited.…”

Section: Polyaminessupporting

confidence: 66%

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Amelioration of Salinity

Hajiboland

2013

Salt Stress in Plants

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Soil salinity is world wide problem because it negatively affect plant productivity and yield of plants particularly in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Excessive salts decline soil water availability for plants, inhibit plants metabolism and nutrients uptake and is also responsible for osmotic imbalance. All of these changes contribute to stunted growth and less productivity of plants. Exploitation of soil microorganisms for utilizing salt affected soils is of considerable interest to plant and soil scientists. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous soil microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere and establish a symbiotic relationship with the roots of many plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are from integral components of all natural ecosystems and are known to occur in saline soils. Symbiotic association of a plant with AMF results in higher ability for taking up the immobile nutrients in nutrient-poor soils as well as improvement of tolerance to salinity. The possible mechanisms for alleviation of salinity stress by AMF include: (1) improvement of plant nutrient uptake, particularly P, (2) elevation of K:Na ratio, (3) providing higher accumulation of osmosolutes, and (4) maintaining higher antioxidant enzymatic activities. In addition, some aquaporin genes are upregulated in mycorrhizal plants, causing signi fi cant increase in water absorption capacity of salt-affected plants. In contrast, expression of proline biosynthetic enzymes and LEA genes as stress indicators are maintained in mycorrhizal salt stressed plants suggesting that mycorrhizal plants are less susceptible to salinity because of salinity-avoidance mechanisms.

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Section: Polyaminessupporting

confidence: 66%

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Amelioration of Salinity

Hajiboland

2013

Salt Stress in Plants

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“…It has repeatedly been demonstrated that vacuoles are motile structures that can be translocated from cell to cell across the dolipore septum for relatively long distances (2,12,49). Polyamines, whose biosynthesis, release, and uptake have been demonstrated in P. involutus (19), could be produced and stored in the vacuole, as suggested for S. cerevisiae (56). Thus, in ectomycorrhizal associations, the vacuole system may act as a conduit to move nitrogen between hyphal tips and the plant-fungus interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in Extraradical Mycelium and Ectomycorrhizal Roots during Paxillus involutus-Betula pendula Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis

Morel

Jacob

Kohler

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The development of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis leads to drastic changes in gene expression in both partners. However, little is known about the spatial regulation of symbiosis-regulated genes. Using cDNA array profiling, we compared the levels of expression of fungal genes corresponding to approximately 1,200 expressed sequenced tags in the ectomycorrhizal root tips (ECM) and the connected extraradical mycelium (EM) for the Paxillus involutus-Betula pendula ectomycorrhizal association grown on peat in a microcosm system. Sixty-five unique genes were found to be differentially expressed in these two fungal compartments. In ECM, a gene coding for a putative phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (Psd) was up-regulated by 24-fold, while genes coding for urea (Dur3) and spermine (Tpo3) transporters were up-regulated 4.1-and 6.2-fold in EM. Moreover, urea was the major nitrogen compound found in EM by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. These results suggest that (i) there is a spatial difference in the patterns of fungal gene expression between ECM and EM, (ii) urea and polyamine transporters could facilitate the translocation of nitrogen compounds within the EM network, and (iii) fungal Psd may contribute to membrane remodeling during ectomycorrhiza formation.Soils of temperate forests show both spatial and temporal heterogeneities in nutrient availability, particularly the availability of nitrogen, which is essential for growth processes (50). To access more nutrients, trees have developed a mycorrhizal strategy, in which the expanding mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi is able to explore a larger soil volume than the root alone (45). The ectomycorrhizal association is therefore a great advantage for controlling plant nutrient status and growth.The well-characterized structure of Paxillus involutus-Betula pendula ectomycorrhizae (7) is formed by three components: a sheath enclosing the root, an intraradicular network of hyphae, and an outwardly growing system of hyphae, which form essential connections with both the soil and the fruit bodies (50). The ectomycorrhizal mantle provides a structure suitable for nutrient storage and plays a key role in controlling nutrient transfer between the fungus and the plant through its intimate contact with the root surface (35). The extraradical mycelium (EM), which extends from the mantle as single hyphae or linear aggregates of such hyphae, is of additional importance, because these structural attributes form the connection between the mantle and the soil and thus provide pathways for nutrient exchange (41). The positive effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on plant nutrition could be attributed largely to the activity of EM. The ability of P. involutus to take up and transfer nitrogen compounds to its host, B. pendula Roth, was demonstrated by 15

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“…Crude extracts for free PAs and hydrolyzed supernatant for perchloric acidsoluble conjugated PAs were dansylated and separated by HPLC according to Sarjala & Kaunisto (1993) and Fornalé et al (1999). PA concentrations were expressed as nmol g -1 fresh weight of plant tissue.…”

Section: Effect Of Spring Frost On Scots Pine Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with spring frost-effects on polyamine metabolism of Scots pine seedlings

Muilu‐Mäkelä¹,

Vuosku²,

Saarinen³

et al. 2017

iForest

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(1) Polyamines (PA) are ubiquitous polycations known to be involved in several phases of plant development as well as in tolerance to abiotic stresses. Phenols are complex secondary metabolites produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway that contain, e.g., cell wall compounds and antioxidants. Phenols are known to enhance chilling tolerance of plants. PA and phenolic pathways are connected via conjugation. In boreal coniferous forests spring frost has been considered to have severe effects on the survival of tree seedlings. Such effects are likely to increase in the future. The present study focuses on the role of PA and phenylpropanoid syntheses in the coping strategies of Scots pine exposed to cold temperatures during the vulnerable early seedling phase in late spring and early summer. We found that spring frost affects the expression of genes regulating PA metabolism and phenylpropanoid synthesis differently in above and below ground parts of the seedlings, whereas PA or phenol contents in tissues were not affected. The results suggest that Scots pine seedlings may not have time to develop metabolite level responses during a short period of freezing stress and, therefore, the originally different PA levels, especially in roots, may influence the tolerance of Scots pine seedlings to spring frost.

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Endogenous polyamine content and metabolism in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Amelioration of Salinity

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Amelioration of Salinity

Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in Extraradical Mycelium and Ectomycorrhizal Roots during Paxillus involutus-Betula pendula Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis

Coping with spring frost-effects on polyamine metabolism of Scots pine seedlings

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