Endogenous Retroviruses Augment Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) Tadpole Antiviral Protection

Kalia, Namarta; Hauser, Kelsey A.; Burton, Sarah D.; Hossainey, Muhammad Riadul Haque; Zelle, Mira; Horb, Marko E.; Grayfer, Leon

doi:10.1128/jvi.00634-22

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…However, the mechanisms remain unknown. In addition, other factors, such as interleukin-34 (IL-34) and CSF-1, are involved in immune defense [ 180 ]. While tadpoles of anuran amphibians were previously believed to be more susceptible to Fv3, Kalia et al [ 181 ] showed that tadpoles are actually more resistant to this virus than metamorphic and postmetamorphic frogs.…”

Section: Xenopus In Immunology Genetic and Disease Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) as a Model Organism for Bioscience: A Historic Review and Perspective

Carotenuto

Pallotta

Tussellino

et al. 2023

Biology

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In vitro systems have been mainly promoted by authorities to sustain research by following the 3Rs principle, but continuously increasing amounts of evidence point out that in vivo experimentation is also of extreme relevance. Xenopus laevis, an anuran amphibian, is a significant model organism in the study of evolutionary developmental biology, toxicology, ethology, neurobiology, endocrinology, immunology and tumor biology; thanks to the recent development of genome editing, it has also acquired a relevant position in the field of genetics. For these reasons, X. laevis appears to be a powerful and alternative model to the zebrafish for environmental and biomedical studies. Its life cycle, as well as the possibility to obtain gametes from adults during the whole year and embryos by in vitro fertilization, allows experimental studies of several biological endpoints, such as gametogenesis, embryogenesis, larval growth, metamorphosis and, of course, the young and adult stages. Moreover, with respect to alternative invertebrate and even vertebrate animal models, the X. laevis genome displays a higher degree of similarity with that of mammals. Here, we have reviewed the main available literature on the use of X. laevis in the biosciences and, inspired by Feymann’s revised view, “Plenty of room for biology at the bottom,” suggest that X. laevis is a very useful model for all possible studies.

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Section: Xenopus In Immunology Genetic and Disease Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) as a Model Organism for Bioscience: A Historic Review and Perspective

Carotenuto

Pallotta

Tussellino

et al. 2023

Biology

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Ranavirus Replication: New Studies Provide Answers to Old Questions

Jancovich,

Zhang,

Chinchar

2024

Ranaviruses

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This updated review is presented in two parts. The first, based primarily on work conducted since the discovery of the first ranavirus in the mid-1960s and extending through 2014, summarizes ranavirus taxonomy, the viral life cycle, the impact of infection on the host cell, and the host immune response to viral infection. The second part, drawing on research conducted mainly since the first edition of this monograph in 2015, describes genetic and molecular approaches for determining ranavirus gene function and outlines the role of viral gene products in orchestrating events leading to the production of infectious virions, cytopathology, and the inhibition of host anti-viral immunity. Furthermore, because our understanding of certain events in ranavirus replication remains to be elucidated, areas requiring further research are highlighted.

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Immune Defenses Against Ranavirus Infections

Grayfer,

Edholm,

Chinchar

et al. 2024

Ranaviruses

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Ranaviruses (RV, family Iridoviridae) infect fish, amphibians, and reptiles, raising considerable ecological and commercial concerns due to the escalating infection prevalence and the resulting die-offs of wild and aquacultural species. Notably, ranaviruses exhibit uncanny capacities to cross host species barriers, likely owing to their potent immune evasion mechanisms. In turn, the species infected by these pathogens possess immune systems that are less well understood than those of mammals and often encode unique antiviral genes or multiple orthologs of single hallmark mammalian immune factors. Thus, garnering insight into ranavirus infection strategies is largely contingent on gaining greater understanding of host immune barriers faced by these emerging infectious agents. Accordingly, here we coalesce and update the current state of understanding of the distinct facets of ectothermic vertebrate immune responses to ranaviral infections and underline the most current perspectives of the evasion strategies by which these pathogens circumvent host defenses.

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Endogenous Retroviruses Augment Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) Tadpole Antiviral Protection

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) as a Model Organism for Bioscience: A Historic Review and Perspective

Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) as a Model Organism for Bioscience: A Historic Review and Perspective

Ranavirus Replication: New Studies Provide Answers to Old Questions

Immune Defenses Against Ranavirus Infections

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