Endogenously Synthesized (−)-<i>proto</i>-Quercitol and Glycine Betaine Are Principal Compatible Solutes of<i>Schizochytrium</i>sp. Strain S8 (ATCC 20889) and Three New Isolates of Phylogenetically Related Thraustochytrids

Jakobsen, Anita Nordeng; Aasen, Inga Marie; Strøm, Arne R.

doi:10.1128/aem.00610-07

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…It has been claimed that proto-and vibo-quercitol are the only two cyclohexanepentol stereoisomers that occur in nature (Marasu et al 1998;Jakobsen et al 2007), but results from this study indicate four additional cyclohexanepentol stereoisomers occur in E. dumosa. In addition to the well-known occurrence of proto-quercitol and viboquercitol (Figs.…”

Section: Leaf Metabolite Profiles: Differences Between Speciescontrasting

confidence: 50%

Metabolomics demonstrates divergent responses of two Eucalyptus species to water stress

2011

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Past studies of water stress in Eucalyptus spp. generally highlighted the role of fewer than five "important" metabolites, whereas recent metabolomic studies on other genera have shown tens of compounds are affected. There are currently no metabolite profiling data for responses of stress-tolerant species to water stress. We used GC-MS metabolite profiling to examine the response of leaf metabolites to a long (2 month) and severe (^Ppredawn < -2 MPa) water stress in two species of the perennial tree genus Eucalyptus (the mesic Eucalyptus pauciflora and the semi-arid Eucalyptus dumosa). Polar metabolites in leaves were analysed by GC-MS and inorganic ions by capillary electrophoresis. Pressure-volume curves and metabolite measurements showed that water stress led to more negative osmotic potential and increased total osmotically active solutes in leaves of both species. Water stress affected around 3(MK)% of measured metabolites in E. dumosa and 10-15% in E. pauciflora. There were many metabolites that were affected in E. dumosa but

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Section: Leaf Metabolite Profiles: Differences Between Speciescontrasting

confidence: 50%

Metabolomics demonstrates divergent responses of two Eucalyptus species to water stress

2011

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“…Aurantiochytrium and Schizochytrium cells reproduce through a binary fission type of division and continue to divide at regular intervals . This could also be the reason behind faster growth of Aurantiochytrium or Schizochytrium strains compared with Thraustochytrium strains, which have a lower doubling time (∼5 h) as compared to Thraustochytrium (∼10 h) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring omega‐3 fatty acids, enzymes and biodiesel producing thraustochytrids from Australian and Indian marine biodiversity

Gupta

Singh

Byreddy

et al. 2015

Biotechnology Journal

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The marine environment harbours a vast diversity of microorganisms, many of which are unique, and have potential to produce commercially useful materials. Therefore, marine biodiversity from Australian and Indian habitat has been explored to produce novel bioactives, and enzymes. Among these, thraustochytrids collected from Indian habitats were shown to be rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), together constituting 51-76% of total fatty acids (TFA). Indian and Australian thraustochytrids occupy separate positions in the dendrogram, showing significant differences exist in the fatty acid profiles in these two sets of thraustochytrid strains. In general, Australian strains had a higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content than Indian strains with DHA at 17-31% of TFA. A range of enzyme activities were observed in the strains, with Australian strains showing overall higher levels of enzyme activity, with the exception of one Indian strain (DBTIOC-1). Comparative analysis of the fatty acid profile of 34 strains revealed that Indian thraustochytrids are more suitable for biodiesel production since these strains have higher fatty acids content for biodiesel (FAB, 76%) production than Australian thraustochytrids, while the Australian strains are more suitable for omega-3 (40%) production.

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“…The dominant compatible solute throughout all tested salinities was GB ( N , N , N -trimethylglycine), which is one of the most common osmoprotectants in halophilic bacteria and archaea of diverse phylogenetic affiliation [ 55 ], halotolerant plants, as well as algae [ 56 , 57 ], and was also detected in halotolerant heterokont thraustochytrids [ 58 ]. Usually, organisms accumulate GB actively from culture media because many of the regular components, like yeast extract, contain this organic solute [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of osmoadaptive strategies in the halophile, heterotrophic ciliate Schmidingerothrix salinarum

et al. 2018

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Hypersaline environments pose major challenges to their microbial residents. Microorganisms have to cope with increased osmotic pressure and low water activity and therefore require specific adaptation mechanisms. Although mechanisms have already been thoroughly investigated in the green alga Dunaliella salina and some halophilic yeasts, strategies for osmoadaptation in other protistan groups (especially heterotrophs) are neither as well known nor as deeply investigated as for their prokaryotic counterpart. This is not only due to the recent awareness of the high protistan diversity and ecological relevance in hypersaline systems, but also due to methodological shortcomings. We provide the first experimental study on haloadaptation in heterotrophic microeukaryotes, using the halophilic ciliate Schmidingerothrix salinarum as a model organism. We established three approaches to investigate fundamental adaptation strategies known from prokaryotes. First, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy was used for the detection, identification, and quantification of intracellular compatible solutes. Second, ion-imaging with cation-specific fluorescent dyes was employed to analyze changes in the relative ion concentrations in intact cells. Third, the effect of salt concentrations on the catalytic performance of S. salinarum malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) was determined. 1H-NMR spectroscopy identified glycine betaine (GB) and ectoine (Ect) as the main compatible solutes in S. salinarum. Moreover, a significant positive correlation of intracellular GB and Ect concentrations and external salinity was observed. The addition of exogenous GB, Ect, and choline (Ch) stimulated the cell growth notably, indicating that S. salinarum accumulates the solutes from the external medium. Addition of external 13C2-Ch resulted in conversion to 13C2-GB, indicating biosynthesis of GB from Ch. An increase of external salinity up to 21% did not result in an increase in cytoplasmic sodium concentration in S. salinarum. This, together with the decrease in the catalytic activities of MDH and ICDH at high salt concentration, demonstrates that S. salinarum employs the salt-out strategy for haloadaptation.

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Endogenously Synthesized (−)-proto-Quercitol and Glycine Betaine Are Principal Compatible Solutes ofSchizochytriumsp. Strain S8 (ATCC 20889) and Three New Isolates of Phylogenetically Related Thraustochytrids

Cited by 39 publications

References 66 publications

Metabolomics demonstrates divergent responses of two Eucalyptus species to water stress

Metabolomics demonstrates divergent responses of two Eucalyptus species to water stress

Exploring omega‐3 fatty acids, enzymes and biodiesel producing thraustochytrids from Australian and Indian marine biodiversity

Identification of osmoadaptive strategies in the halophile, heterotrophic ciliate Schmidingerothrix salinarum

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