Endomembrane-Targeting Plasmodiophora brassicae Effectors Modulate PAMP Triggered Immune Responses in Plants

Hossain, Musharaf; Pérez‐López, Edel; Todd, Christopher D.; Wei, Yangdou; Bonham‐Smith, Peta C.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.651279

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 83 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase (SPQ94350.1 – Supplementary Table 6 ), presented low covariance at 21 dai but was also expressed at 14 dai. This exact same gene [corresponding to PBRA003835 in the first genome draft of P. brassicae ( Schwelm et al, 2015 )] has been recently identified as significant inhibitor of programmed cell death (PCD) in the clubroot interaction, and designated as PbPE15 ( Hossain et al, 2021 ). Another group of genes was annotated to processes of nutrient acquisition and transformation, including carbohydrates and nitrogen derivates metabolism (glucosidase II beta subunit, aldolase 1-epimerase, allantoicase, and amidohydrolase), which is in agreement with overall patterns of secretomes in biotrophic fungi ( Kim et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase (SPQ94350.1 -Supplementary Table 6), presented low covariance at 21 dai but was also expressed at 14 dai. This exact same gene [corresponding to PBRA003835 in the first genome draft of P. brassicae (Schwelm et al, 2015)] has been recently identified as significant inhibitor of programmed cell death (PCD) in the clubroot interaction, and designated as PbPE15 (Hossain et al, 2021). Another group Alpha helices are highlighted in purple and beta sheets are in green.…”

Section: Plasmodiophora Brassicae Secretome Transcripts When Infecting 'Brutor' At 21 Daimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Candidate Effectors of Plasmodiophora brassicae Pathotype 5X During Infection of Two Brassica napus Genotypes

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most important diseases of canola (Brassica napus) in Canada. Disease management relies heavily on planting clubroot resistant (CR) cultivars, but in recent years, new resistance-breaking pathotypes of P. brassicae have emerged. Current efforts against the disease are concentrated in developing host resistance using traditional genetic breeding, omics and molecular biology. However, because of its obligate biotrophic nature, limited resources have been dedicated to investigating molecular mechanisms of pathogenic infection. We previously performed a transcriptomic study with the cultivar resistance-breaking pathotype 5X on two B. napus hosts presenting contrasting resistance/susceptibility, where we evaluated the mechanisms of host response. Since cultivar-pathotype interactions are very specific, and pathotype 5X is one of the most relevant resistance-breaking pathotypes in Canada, in this study, we analyze the expression of genes encoding putative secreted proteins from this pathotype, predicted using a bioinformatics pipeline, protein modeling and orthologous comparisons with effectors from other pathosystems. While host responses were found to differ markedly in our previous study, many common effectors are found in the pathogen while infecting both hosts, and the gene response among biological pathogen replicates seems more consistent in the effectors associated with the susceptible interaction, especially at 21 days after inoculation. The predicted effectors indicate the predominance of proteins with interacting domains (e.g., ankyrin), and genes bearing kinase and NUDIX domains, but also proteins with protective action against reactive oxygen species from the host. Many of these genes confirm previous predictions from other clubroot studies. A benzoic acid/SA methyltransferase (BSMT), which methylates SA to render it inactive, showed high levels of expression in the interactions with both hosts. Interestingly, our data indicate that E3 ubiquitin proteasome elements are also potentially involved in pathogenesis. Finally, a gene with similarity to indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is a promising candidate effector because of its involvement in indole acetic acid synthesis, since auxin is one of the major players in clubroot development.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasmodiophora Brassicae Secretome Transcripts When Infecting 'Brutor' At 21 Daimentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate Effectors of Plasmodiophora brassicae Pathotype 5X During Infection of Two Brassica napus Genotypes

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While PbBSMT targets the SA pathway, other (putative) P. brassicae effectors have been identified by bioinformatic methods only [72] and possible functions only for a few suggested [73][74][75][76]. Among these were a kinase [73], a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase [74], an apoplastic protein able to directly interact with and inhibit cruciferous papain-like cysteine proteases [75], as well as endomembrane-localized effectors that modulate PAMP triggered immunity [76]. Other proteins, for which a function has been implicated, do not seem to fall under the category "effector", e.g., the protease PRO1 that possibly helps in spore germination [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Target (Oxidation Resistant 2) in Arabidopsis thaliana to Reduce Clubroot Disease Symptoms via the Salicylic Acid Pathway without Growth Penalties

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The clubroot disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is one of the most damaging diseases worldwide among brassica crops. Its control often relies on resistant cultivars, since the manipulation of the disease hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA) alters plant growth negatively. Alternatively, the SA pathway can be increased by the addition of beneficial microorganisms for biocontrol. However, this potential has not been exhaustively used. In this study, a recently characterized protein Oxidation Resistant 2 (OXR2) from Arabidopsis thaliana is shown to increase the constitutive pathway of SA defense without decreasing plant growth. Plants overexpressing AtOXR2 (OXR2-OE) show strongly reduced clubroot symptoms with improved plant growth performance, in comparison to wild type plants during the course of infection. Consequently, oxr2 mutants are more susceptible to clubroot disease. P. brassicae itself was reduced in these galls as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the transcriptional downregulation of the gene encoding a SA-methyltransferase from the pathogen in OXR2-OE plants that could contribute to the phenotype.

show abstract

“…In tobacco, a collection of putative effectors has been analyzed for their localization and possible function [ 85 ]. Several were able to elicit PAMP-triggered immunity in this system, and some were found in the endomembrane system, which indicated their possible translocation into the host plant.…”

Section: Plasmodiophora Brassicae Genomes Across the Globementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To summarize the numerous questions remaining: Where are the effectors localized in planta? Some data stem from heterologous transient expression in tobacco [ 38 , 85 , 86 ], which is not a transformation system close to a host of P. brassicae . Others have employed the host plant A. thaliana [ 73 , 74 ] to address the question of whether they are functional not only in vitro but also in planta.…”

Section: Plasmodiophora Brassicae Genomes Across the Globementioning

confidence: 99%

What Can We Learn from -Omics Approaches to Understand Clubroot Disease?

Ludwig‐Müller

2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clubroot is one of the most economically significant diseases worldwide. As a result, many investigations focus on both curing the disease and in-depth molecular studies. Although the first transcriptome dataset for the clubroot disease describing the clubroot disease was published in 2006, many different pathogen–host plant combinations have only recently been investigated and published. Articles presenting -omics data and the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae as well as different host plants were analyzed to summarize the findings in the richness of these datasets. Although genome data for the protist have only recently become available, many effector candidates have been identified, but their functional characterization is incomplete. A better understanding of the life cycle is clearly required to comprehend its function. While only a few proteome studies and metabolome analyses were performed, the majority of studies used microarrays and RNAseq approaches to study transcriptomes. Metabolites, comprising chemical groups like hormones were generally studied in a more targeted manner. Furthermore, functional approaches based on such datasets have been carried out employing mutants, transgenic lines, or ecotypes/cultivars of either Arabidopsis thaliana or other economically important host plants of the Brassica family. This has led to new discoveries of potential genes involved in disease development or in (partial) resistance or tolerance to P. brassicae. The overall contribution of individual experimental setups to a larger picture will be discussed in this review.

show abstract

Endomembrane-Targeting Plasmodiophora brassicae Effectors Modulate PAMP Triggered Immune Responses in Plants

Cited by 29 publications

References 83 publications

Candidate Effectors of Plasmodiophora brassicae Pathotype 5X During Infection of Two Brassica napus Genotypes

Candidate Effectors of Plasmodiophora brassicae Pathotype 5X During Infection of Two Brassica napus Genotypes

A Novel Target (Oxidation Resistant 2) in Arabidopsis thaliana to Reduce Clubroot Disease Symptoms via the Salicylic Acid Pathway without Growth Penalties

What Can We Learn from -Omics Approaches to Understand Clubroot Disease?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About