2016
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew163
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Endometriomas and deep infiltrating endometriosis in adulthood are strongly associated with anogenital distance, a biomarker for prenatal hormonal environment

Abstract: STUDY QUESTIONIs the length of the anogenital distance (AGD), a biomarker of the in-utero prenatal hormonal environment, associated with the presence of endometriomas and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE)?SUMMARY ANSWERShorter AGD is associated with presence of endometriomas and DIE.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYIt is debated whether hormonal exposure to estrogens in utero may be a risk factor for endometriosis in adulthood. AGD is a biomarker of prenatal hormonal environment and observational studies have shown an… Show more

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Cited by 63 publications
(66 citation statements)
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“…Anogenital distance (AGD) is thought to be an accurate marker of the prenatal hormonal milieu and potential intra‐uterus insults. A relationship between shorter AGD and the presence of endometriosis, both endometriomas and DIE, has recently been reported supporting the idea that this disease has a potential intrauterine origin. Moreover, AGD has been shown to be a suitable diagnostic tool in endometriosis …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 66%
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“…Anogenital distance (AGD) is thought to be an accurate marker of the prenatal hormonal milieu and potential intra‐uterus insults. A relationship between shorter AGD and the presence of endometriosis, both endometriomas and DIE, has recently been reported supporting the idea that this disease has a potential intrauterine origin. Moreover, AGD has been shown to be a suitable diagnostic tool in endometriosis …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…With regard to AGD, a shorter AGD was recently reported among women with endometriosis, suggesting that these women have been affected by prenatal exposure to an antiandrogenic or estrogenic environment . In addition, AGD AF (but not AGD AC ) was previously found to be associated with the presence of endometriomas, DIE, or both, and was proposed as an efficient tool in predicting the presence of DIE (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.97) .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Similarly, short and long AGD measurements have not been both associated with clinical outcomes in epidemiological studies. For example, AGD AC but not AGD AF has been recently associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome, while AGD AF (but not with AGD AC ) was associated with ovarian follicle number, and with the occurrence of endometriomas or deep infiltrating endometriosis in two other studies. As seen in Figure , the measurements with both protocols are not totally equivalent, since they have different landmarks.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…AGD has been used in epidemiological studies, and it is unclear whether PB and GH may have a comparable use with similar outcomes. Conversely, whether the equivalent measures of AGD could have similar clinical uses as GH and PB remains to be explored.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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