Endometriosis, endometrioma e infertilidad

Abstract

ResumenLa endometriosis es una enfermedad ginecológica frecuente y puede ocasionar dolor pélvico; es una de las causas de infertilidad aunque en un pequeño pero significativo porcentaje y se observa hasta en el 50% de las laparoscopias de las pacientes en estudio de infertilidad. Sobre su patogénesis se conoce poco; sin embargo, actualmente existen varias teorías que tratan de explicar su presentación, sin obviar los factores genéticos que pueden hacer a las mujeres susceptibles a esta entidad. Los mecanismos que explican su fisiopatología en la infertilidad son la obstrucción tubárica, las adherencias pélvicas y los endometriomas ováricos que distorsionan las relaciones anatómicas y limitan el acceso y movilidad de las fimbrias al ovario. El método más utilizado para el diagnóstico de la endometriosis es la ecografía. Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre la fisiopatología, la etiología, el cuadro clínico, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la endometriosis y los endometriomas en el área de la infertilidad. Palabras clave: endometrioma, infertilidad, endometriosis ENDOMETRIOSIS, ENDOMETRIOMA AND INFERTILITY AbstractEndometriosis is a common gynecological disease and can cause pelvic pain and infertility; although the latest represent a small but significant percentage of up to 50% of the testing female infertility using laparoscopy. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood though several theories are now offered which attempt to explain its appearance, such as genetic factors that could make women susceptible to this entity. The mechanisms that explain the pathophysiology of infertility are tubal blockage, pelvic adhesions and ovarian endometriomas distort anatomic relationships and limit access and mobility of the fimbriae to the ovary. The most widely used method for diagnosis of endometriomas is ultrasound. This article presents a literature review on the pathophysiology, aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis and endometriomas in the area of infertility.

Abdominal Wall Endometrioma in Previous Cesarean Section Scar: Case Report

“…Ultrasound imaging of endometrioma usually is characteristic and non-mistakable, with a single or multilocular node, homogeneous eco within and a cyst of thickened walls but with different grades of echogenicity at different lobes. To establish the initial diagnosis it usually requires a medical history of endometriosis with histologically confirmatory analysis due to up to 50% of women with previous endometriosis usually forms endometriomas, and a posterior definite histological confirmatory analysis is required [11].…”

“…It is recommended that a healthy edge is left to diminish recurrence, which presents up to 4.3% of the cases [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In most cases, complete resection is considered the definitive treatment [3][4][5][6].…”