Endometriosis in cesarean scars: A rare case report with clinical, imaging, and histopathological insights

Abstract

Scar endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in the abdominal wall following a cesarean delivery. We present a case report of a 38-year-old female with scar endometriosis and provide a comprehensive review of the literature on its clinical management. The patient presented with intermittent pain and swelling at the site of her previous cesarean section scar. Imaging studies revealed a nodular lesion with characteristic features of scar endometriosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis, ruling out malignancy. The patient underwent wide surgical resection of the mass, resulting in the resolution of symptoms and no recurrence during follow-up. Our case highlights the diagnostic challenge of scar endometriosis, which can mimic carcinoma, and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving clinical evaluation, imaging, and histopathological examination for accurate diagnosis and optimal management of this condition.

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“…The occurrence of endometriosis foci in the scar after a cesarean section is estimated at 0.03–0.4% of cases. The scar endometriosis can mimic carcinoma and presents a diagnostic challenge [ 165 ]. The formation of endometriosis after a cesarean section may occur through continuity or implantation.…”