Endometritis

Scoggin, Charles F.

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2016.08.002

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Traditionally, endometritis has been treated with uterine lavage, ecbolics, anti-inflammatories, and antimicrobials [20]. In recent years, the lack of response to traditional therapy and the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has led to the development of alternative therapies to treat mares suffering from chronic endometritis [21]. Traditional and alternative therapeutic modalities are discussed herein.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cloprostenol, a PGF2α analog, is another ecbolic used in clinical practice to treat intrauterine fluid accumulation in mares [21]. This drug induces longer myometrial activity (5 hours) when compared to oxytocin [262,263], benefiting uterine cleansing and lymphatic drainage in mares with a pendulous uterus [263].…”

Section: Ecbolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, endometritis has been treated with multi-modal therapeutics such as a combination of uterine lavage, ecbolic agents, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics. Unfortunately, a subset of mares fails to respond to traditional therapeutics [20,21]. The lack of efficacy to traditional therapeutics, alongside the ever-increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, has led to the development of alternative therapies for mares suffering from PBIE [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares—A Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology

Canisso

Segabinazzi

Fedorka

2020

IJMS

105

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Post-breeding endometritis (i.e., inflammation/infection of the endometrium), is a physiological reaction taking place in the endometrium of mares within 48 h post-breeding, aimed to clear seminal plasma, excess sperm, microorganisms, and debris from the uterine lumen in preparation for the arrival of an embryo. Mares are classified as susceptible or resistant to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) based on their ability to clear this inflammation/infection by 48 h post-breeding. Mares susceptible to PBIE, or those with difficulty clearing infection/inflammation, have a deficient immune response and compromised physical mechanisms of defense against infection. Molecular pathways of the innate immune response known to be involved in PBIE are discussed herein. The role of the adaptive uterine immune response on PBIE remains to be elucidated in horses. Advances in the pathobiology of microbes involved in PBIE are also revised here. Traditional and non-traditional therapeutic modalities for endometritis are contrasted and described in the context of clinical and molecular aspects. In recent years, the lack of efficacy of traditional therapeutic modalities, alongside the ever-increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, has enforced the development of non-traditional therapies. Novel biological products capable of modulating the endometrial inflammatory response are also discussed here as part of the non-traditional therapies for endometritis.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecbolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares—A Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology

Canisso

Segabinazzi

Fedorka

2020

IJMS

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, the efficacy of many antibiotics, e.g., trimethoprim sulfadiazine ( 53 ) and gentamicin ( 54 ), for the systemic treatment of equine endometritis has been demonstrated. Furthermore, reservations regarding the costs of systemic antibiotics and veterinary service ( 13 ) are unwarranted, since oral treatment with trimethoprim sulfadiazine is inexpensive and effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria ( 53 ). Due to these advantages, it is the antibiotic of choice for the majority of the participants in the study, although it severely reduces bacterial diversity in the fecal microbiota ( 52 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, CIE as well as PBIE treatment involves uterine lavages, administration of immunomodulatory agents and ecbolics such as oxytocin ( 4 , 13 ). Although the usage of non-irritant solutions like saline [0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution] or lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) is promoted extensively ( 14 , 15 ), irritant solutions, e.g., povidone iodide solution ( 13 , 16 ), or kerosene ( 17 , 18 ), are used as well. In case of diagnosed CIE, antimicrobials are applied additionally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Treatment Practices of Equine Endometritis—A Questionnaire

et al. 2020

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Endometritis is a major cause for impaired fertility in mares. The objectives of this study were to collect information on diagnostic and treatment practices performed by veterinarians and to investigate possible effects of professional experience, caseload, and geographical location on the practitioners' management of endometritis cases. For this purpose, equine practitioners ( n = 680) were asked to fill out an online survey (34 questions). The online survey yielded 117 responses by veterinarians practicing in all parts of Germany. Most respondents came from Lower Saxony and managed <20 mares per year. For the diagnosis of chronic infectious endometritis, uterine sampling for microbiological examination was performed manually with a swab by the majority of practitioners whereas only few used the speculum technique. The incidence of antibiotic resistant pathogens was reported to be <5% by almost all respondents. Most practitioners relied on systemic antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. Only occasionally veterinarians used intrauterine antibiotic therapy. Uterine lavages were performed routinely by almost half of the respondents in case of positive uterine cultures, mostly with 0.9% saline solution. Irritant solutions (e.g., iodine, chlorhexidine, kerosene) were used less often. Collection of an endometrial culture after completion of the treatment was common practice. While only a very limited association of the geographical location of practitioner (e.g., on selection of mares for endometrial culture, p < 0.05) was observed, the number of managed mares affected the answers notably (e.g., for use of irritating intrauterine treatment, p < 0.05). The management of persistent breeding induced endometritis (PBIE) was influenced by the number of managed mares (e.g., for use of oxytocin, p < 0.05) and 29.6% of respondents administered antibiotics as part of their PBIE management. In summary, treatment strategies in the field vary considerably and include also non-evidence-based methods, but most German practitioners apply the recommended suitable treatments. Following the guidelines for antibiotic usage, most veterinarians administer antibiotics dependent on endometrial culture results but do not use cytology, low-volume lavage, or biopsy routinely. Antibiotic resistant uterine pathogens are reported to be isolated infrequently and equine practitioners prefer systemic to local antibiotic treatment of endometritis.

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Liquiritin Relieves LPS-Induced Endometritis Through Activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

Sheng

Chen

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Farmacogn.

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Endometritis

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares—A Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology

Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares—A Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology

Diagnostic and Treatment Practices of Equine Endometritis—A Questionnaire

Liquiritin Relieves LPS-Induced Endometritis Through Activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

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