Endomycorrhizal fungal species mediate 15N transfer from soybean to maize in non-fumigated soil

Hamel, Chantal; Nesser, C.; Barrantes-Cartín, U.; Smith, Donald L.

doi:10.1007/bf00011806

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The presence of AMF could therefore intensify microbial competition, leading to smaller microbial populations in the rhizosphere. This hypothesis is supported by studies that showed that the presence of certain species of Glomus reduced the biomass of N-fixing microorganisms, a result of competition between root symbionts for C-containing plant exudates (16,36). In our study, however, the microbial populations in samples from the Spartina site were at least twice as large in terms of number and biomass as the microbial populations in samples from the Phragmites site, indicating that basic differences in plant growth and carbon allocation strategies are responsible for the observed differences in microbial populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Interactions among Plant Species and Microorganisms in Salt Marsh Sediments

Burke

Hamerlynck

Hahn

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

113

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The interactions among Spartina patens and sediment microbial populations and the interactions among Phragmites australis and sediment microbial populations were studied at monotypic sites in Piermont Marsh, a salt marsh of the Hudson River north of New York, N.Y., at key times during the growing season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) effectively colonized S. patens but not P. australis, and there were seasonal increases and decreases that coincided with plant growth and senescence (17 and 6% of the S. patens root length were colonized, respectively). In sediment samples from the Spartina site, the microbial community and specific bacterial populations were at least twice as large in terms of number and biomass as the microbial community and specific bacterial populations in sediment samples from the Phragmites site, and peak values occurred during reproduction. Members of the domain Bacteria, especially members of the ␣-, ␥-, and ␦-subdivisions of the Proteobacteria, were the most abundant organisms at both sites throughout the growing season. The populations were generally more dynamic in samples from the Spartina site than in samples from the Phragmites site. No differences between the two sites and no differences during the growing season were observed when restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of nifH amplicons were performed in an attempt to detect shifts in the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Differences were observed only in the patterns generated by PCR or reverse transcription-PCR for samples from the Spartina site, suggesting that there were differences in the overall and active populations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Regression analyses indicated that there was a positive interaction between members of the ␦-subdivision of the Proteobacteria and root biomass but not between members of the ␦-subdivision of the Proteobacteria and macroorganic matter at both sites. In samples from the Spartina site, there were indications that there were bacterium-fungus interactions since populations of members of the ␣-subdivision of the Proteobacteria were negatively associated with AMF colonization and populations of members of the ␥-subdivision of the Proteobacteria were positively associated with AMF colonization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Interactions among Plant Species and Microorganisms in Salt Marsh Sediments

Burke

Hamerlynck

Hahn

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

113

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“…Reductions in root C exudation or changes in exudates composition induced by AMF activity could therefore intensify microbial competition leading to altered community structure and metabolic activity. This assumption is supported by studies that showed that the presence of certain species of Glomus reduced the biomass of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, a result of competition for root exudates (Hamel et al 1991;Paul and Clark 1996). Changes in populations of functional groups such as nitrogenfixing bacteria could ultimately impact plant resource acquisition, plant nutrient status and performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Seasonal analyses of arbuscular mycorrhizae, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and growth performance of the salt marsh grass Spartina patens

Welsh

Burke²,

Hamerlynck

et al. 2009

Plant Soil

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Seasonal variation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in roots of the high salt marsh plant Spartina patens, the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere and plant growth performance was studied at key stages of the growing season coinciding with major plant phenological stages, i.e., vegetative growth, reproduction and senescence. AMF colonization was highest during vegetative growth, with values declining during the growing season to the same level seen at plant dormancy. AMF colonization was reduced at lower depths in the sediments where anoxic conditions were observed and in plants treated with the systemic fungicide Benomyl. Only small changes in diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in general and more specifically of those belonging to the ε-subdivision of Proteobacteria were detected during the season or between treatments by PCR-RFLP of nifH gene fragments with DNA as template for amplification; however, greater seasonal changes were displayed when cDNA was used as template for amplification as a proxy for gene expression and thus active bacteria. DGGE analyses of nifH gene fragments representing nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the ε-subdivision of Proteobacteria using both using DNA and cDNA as template showed highly diverse profiles that changed during the season and in response to treatment. Seasonal changes were observed for a suite of plant growth attributes and differences were observed between treatments, with higher values generally obtained on non-treated plants compared to Benomyl-treated plants. These differences were most pronounced during vegetative growth; however, differences between non-treated and Benomyl-treated plants were reduced seasonally and disappeared by the onset of senescence. This study demonstrates seasonal changes in AMF colonization on S. patens and in the community structure of nitrogen-fixing members of the ε-subdivision of Proteobacteria in the plant root zone. Plant growth performance changed seasonally with some effects of Benomyl-treatment.

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“…Generally, results have shown that 15 N transfer can occur, although amounts have been relatively low. In addition, field experiments using soil fumigation and additions of mycorrhizal inoculum have indicated that 15 N transfer was enhanced by mycorrhizal presence and positively correlated with mycorrhizal hyphal density in the soil (Hamel et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nitrogen-fixing donor plants were labeled with 15 N by solution application to leaves (Hogh-Jensen and Schjoerring, 2000), cut petioles (Martin et al, 1991b), or adventitious roots on stems (Hamel et al, 1991;Hamel and Smith, 1992) and grown with non-nodulating receiver plants. Generally, results have shown that 15 N transfer can occur, although amounts have been relatively low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Transfer Between Plants: A 15N Natural Abundance Study with Crop and Weed Species

et al. 2006

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An increasing amount of evidence indicates that N can be transferred between plants. Nonetheless, a number of fundamental questions remain. A series of experiments was initiated in the field to examine N transfer between N 2 -fixing soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) varieties and a non-nodulating soybean, and between N 2 -fixing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) or soybean and neighboring weed species. The experiments were conducted in soils with low N fertilities and used differences in N accumulation and/or 15 N natural abundance to estimate N transfer. Mixtures of N 2 -fixing and non-nod soybean indicated that substantial inter-plant N transfer occurred. Amounts were variable, ranging from negligible levels to 48% of the N found in the non-nod at maturity. Transfer did not appear to strongly penalize the N 2 -fixing donor plants. But, in cases where high amounts of N were transferred, N content of donors was noticeably lowered. Differences were evident in the amount of N transferred from different N 2 -fixing donor genotypes. Results of experiments with N 2 -fixing crops and the weed species prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia [L.] Irwin & Barneby) also indicated substantial N transfer occurred over a 60-day period, with amounts accounting for 30-80% of the N present in the weeds. Transfer of N, however, was generally very low in weed species that are known to be non-hosts for arbuscular mycorrhizae (yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. and Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri [S.] Watson). The results are consistent with the view that N transfer occurs primarily through mycorrhizal hyphal networks, and they reveal that N transfer may be a contributing factor to weed problems in N 2 -fixing crops in low N fertility conditions.

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Endomycorrhizal fungal species mediate 15N transfer from soybean to maize in non-fumigated soil

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Interactions among Plant Species and Microorganisms in Salt Marsh Sediments

Interactions among Plant Species and Microorganisms in Salt Marsh Sediments

Seasonal analyses of arbuscular mycorrhizae, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and growth performance of the salt marsh grass Spartina patens

Nitrogen Transfer Between Plants: A 15N Natural Abundance Study with Crop and Weed Species

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