Endoparasite infection hotspots in Estonian urban areas

Tull, Ants; Moks, Epp; Laurimaa, Leidi; Keis, Marju; Süld, Karmen

doi:10.1017/s0022149x19000920

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…in Tartu, whereby scats adjacent to privates had higher Toxocara positivity than scats near to apartment blocks. However, more than a decade later Tull et al (2020) revealed higher geohelminth rates near apartment blocks than near privates. The most frequently found helminths in Estonian towns were Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the greatest attention has been paid to studies of the parasitological situation in urban sites of Estonia. These have included sandpits, park lawns, avenues and recreational areas, as well as public playgrounds near schools/nurseries in various towns of Estonia such as Tartu, Pärnu, Rakvere, Elva and Kunda (Talvik et al , 2006; Tull et al , 2020). Talvik et al (2006) reported that 2.7% of collected dog scats contained eggs of Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, which are endemic in Estonia (Moks et al , 2006, 2008; Laurimaa et al , 2015a, b), samples were kept at −80°C for a minimum of seven days. In order to compare the infection prevalence between rural and urban dogs, data of 657 urban dogs were included from a previous study carried out in five Estonian towns (Tull et al , 2020) and pooled together with rural dogs for further analyses.

Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the availability of data from a previous study of urban dog endoparasites (Tull et al , 2020), rural dogs ( N = 84) were compared to urban dogs ( N = 657) to find associations between (co)infection occurrence with helminths. Proportions were compared with SAS Studio v9.04 (SAS Institute, Cary NC, 2021) software using Chi-squared tests of independence (PROC FREQ) to determine independent variables associated with overall (co)infection and single taxa prevalence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children are among the most vulnerable to helminth infections. They may come into contact with animal scats on potential endoparasite infection hotspots such as recreational zones including parks, playgrounds and other green areas near schools and nurseries (Talvik et al , 2006; Tull et al , 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free-ranging rural dogs are highly infected with helminths, contaminating environment nine times more than urban dogs

et al. 2022

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Regardless of the highly efficient anthelmintics available and the control measures taken by dog owners and veterinarians, gastrointestinal parasites, especially zoonotic helminths, are still abundant in dogs and pose a health risk to humans. Free-ranging dogs in rural areas can be an important source of helminth infection. The aims of the present work were to collect scats of rural dogs, determine the environmental contamination caused by helminth infections among rural dogs of Western Estonia, analyse how diet affects helminth infection rate and compare the findings to a previous study focusing on dog helminths in urban areas of Estonia. To differentiate the scats of dogs from other sympatric canids, a genetic method was applied. Of 328 samples, genetic analysis identified 84 scats belonging to dogs, of which 87.0% were infected with helminths. A high proportion of rural dog scats harboured eggs of Taeniidae (65.5%), followed by Trichuris spp./Eucoleus spp. (15.5%), Uncinaria stenocephala (14.7%) and Toxocara canis (4.3%). Coinfections occurred in 34.5% of the samples, being the most common between Taeniidae and U. stenocephala (41.4%). The intensity model indicated higher helminth infection rate in rural dogs preying on rodents and game. In comparison to urban dogs, rural dogs were nine times more likely to be infected with intestinal parasites. These results emphasize the need to implement measures to reduce helminth infections in dogs living in rural areas of Western Estonia. Among a complex of measures to be taken, we suggest that it is also important to diagnose which gastrointestinal parasite species infect dogs to determine specific anthelmintic treatment against these parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free-ranging rural dogs are highly infected with helminths, contaminating environment nine times more than urban dogs

et al. 2022

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Global prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal parasitic helminth that mainly affects humans and dogs throughout the world. Canine strongyloidosis is generally characterized by asymptomatic infection, with fatal disease in cases of immunodeficiency. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the global prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs. Six electronic databases were searched for this purpose. The random effects model and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were applied to determine the overall and subgroup pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. In total, 56 datasets from 50 studies from 1,202 peer-reviewed papers were included in the current meta-analysis. 20,627 dogs were assessed in 27 countries across six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The global prevalence of S. stercoralis infection among dogs was 6% (95% CI 4–8%; 868/20,627). According to WHO regions, the estimated prevalence ranges 2% to 11% as follows: Western Pacific (11%, 0–31%); Africa (9%, 2–19%); America (6%, 3–11%); South-East Asia (5%, 1–13%)’ Europe (3%, 2–5%); and Eastern Mediterranean (2%, 0–6%). The pooled prevalence of S. stercoralis infection in dog owners was 7% (1–18%). The prevalence of S. stercoralis infection in studies based on serological assays was significantly higher than other techniques (29%, 20–39%). Younger female dogs, less than one year old, from rural areas had higher prevalence rates than their male counterparts, with no statistically significant differences. From this review, it is concluded that the low global prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs may be strongly associated with low sensitivity diagnostic methods applied in most studies leading to the underestimation of infection rates. Therefore, the improvement of diagnostic techniques is recommended for precise evaluation of the disease.

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Canine parasitoses in north Patagonia (Argentina): comparison between different social and environmental factors

Ritossa,

Viozzi,

Lazzarini

et al. 2023

J. Helminthol.

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In many countries, urban areas are commonly contaminated with canine feces that spread parasites, a situation related to the natural and social environment. Dogs having free access to public areas therefore constitutes a health risk. Because in Patagonia there are no records of city comparisons that consider the number of free-roaming dogs and the local environmental and socioeconomic characteristics, in this study we analyse and compare canine parasitoses in two cities of Rio Negro province, Argentina. Canine feces were collected from public areas of El Bolsón and Cipolletti cities and examined using enrichment methods, Kinyoun stain and immunoassay (Copro-Elisa). The total percentage of positive feces in El Bolsón was 68.95% and 16 parasite taxa being identified, whereas in Cipolletti the total positive feces was 41.1%, with 11 taxa. Both cities presented more helminth species than protozoans. The variables that explained the occurrence of all parasites were rainfall and socioeconomic stratum with the highest values being found in low-income areas. Soil moisture is conditioned by rainfall. This study highlights the presence of the zoonotic Echinococcus sp. in dogs in urban areas of the Rio Negro province. The occurrence of this parasite in Cipolletti is unexpected, given that this city is not considered an endemic zone for this disease, which is not included in local monitoring and control plans.

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Endoparasite infection hotspots in Estonian urban areas

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Free-ranging rural dogs are highly infected with helminths, contaminating environment nine times more than urban dogs

Free-ranging rural dogs are highly infected with helminths, contaminating environment nine times more than urban dogs

Global prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Canine parasitoses in north Patagonia (Argentina): comparison between different social and environmental factors

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