Endophytes: Role and Functions in Crop Health

Varma, P. Kishore; Uppala, Sai Sree; Pavuluri, Kiran; Chandra, K. Jaya; Chapala, M. M.; Kumar, K. V. K.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5813-4_15

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…There are numerous reports concerning the growth stimulation of crops owing to inoculation with PSB, examples of which are provided in Table 3. Similarly, several reviews have also highlighted the importance, potential, and mechanisms of P solubilization by PSB [116][117][118][119]. Despite the growing volume of literature, studies regarding their use as biofertilizers are still limited [60].…”

Section: Phosphate Solubilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Biofertilizers for Sustainable Crop Production: The Past, Present, and Future

Aloo¹,

Makumba²,

Mbega³

2020

Preprint

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The world’s population is increasing and so are agricultural activities to match the growing demand for food. Conventional agricultural practices generally employ artificial fertilizers to increase crop yields, but these have multiple environmental and human health effects. For decades, environmentalists and sustainability researchers have focused on alternative crop fertilization mechanisms to address these challenges, and biofertilizers have constantly been researched, recommended, and even successfully-adopted for several crops. Biofertilizers are microbial formulations made of indigenous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which can naturally improve plant growth either directly or indirectly, through the production of phytohormones, solubilization of soil nutrients, and production of iron-binding metabolites; siderophores. Biofertilizers, therefore, hold immense potential as tools for sustainable crop production especially in the wake of climate change and global warming. Despite the mounting interest in this technology, their full potential has not yet been realized. This review updates our understanding of the PGPR biofertilizers and sustainable crop production. It evaluates the history of these microbial products, assesses their present state of utilization, and also critically propounds on their future prospects for sustainable crop production. Such information is desirable to fully evaluate their potential and can ultimately pave the way for their increased adoption for crop production.

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Section: Phosphate Solubilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Biofertilizers for Sustainable Crop Production: The Past, Present, and Future

Aloo¹,

Makumba²,

Mbega³

2020

Preprint

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“…Over centuries, plants have established an intimate association with diverse endophytic microbes, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as part of their developmental process and ecological adaptation (Hardoim et al., 2015). Endophytes live within apparently healthy plant internal tissues—roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds—without causing any harm to the host, exchanging chemical compounds from physiological and metabolic processes (Varma et al., 2017). Plants constitute a unique ecological niche for endophytic microbes, while endophytic microbes affect the host's health, adaptation, disease resistance, and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress (Bakhtiyarifar et al., 2021; Singha et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

16S rRNA gene‐based identification and plant growth‐promoting potential of cultivable endophytic bacteria

Raimi

Adeleke

2023

Agronomy Journal

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Endophytic bacteria play essential roles in plant growth and fitness through nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, and phytohormone production. However, the plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential of endophytic microorganisms inhabiting vegetables is underexplored. Thus, this study investigated the endophytic bacteria of vegetable crops for their PGP properties using the culture-dependent technique. Recovered isolates were identified by sequencing the partial 16S rRNA gene using Sanger sequencing. The isolated endophytic bacteria belonged to 15 genera and 39 different species. Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas were the predominant genera and had high phosphate solubilization and siderophore production potential. The isolates differentially produced indole-3-acetic acid and ammonium in the range 0.14-44.48 μg mL -1 and 0.77-93.24 mg L -1 , respectively. Pseudomonas azotoformans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Serratia liquefaciens showed a high level of siderophore production, which was not significantly (p > 0.05) different across the plant and organ types. More than 21% of endophytes could produce gelatinase, protease, amylase, and cellulase, contributing to their diverse ecosystem functions. Bacterial density and species composition varied across the vegetable species, organs, and farm locations but were higher in the stems compared with other organs. However, the vegetable organ had no significant (p > 0.05) influence on the bacterial population density, except for the interaction of plant species and organs.Overall, this study provides basic knowledge about the cultivable endophytic bacterial community of vegetables and reveals diverse endophytic bacteria useful in bioinoculant formulations for improving crop productivity.

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“…Important microorganisms called endophytes live inside plant tissues without causing illness. (Varma et al, 2017). They coexist harmoniously with the plant they are living on, and frequently the microorganisms serve as the plant's defense mechanism against outside phytopathogenic fungi (Alvin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endophytic Streptomyces have been isolated from the stem and root tissues of A. indica and were found to have plant growth-promoting activities (Varma et al, 2017). However, much research has been focused on the use of neem extracts in the management of plant diseases (Dheeba et al, 2015;Raza et al, 2016), with very little attention on endophytic microbes as potential biocontrol agents (Jabaen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of endophytic fungi isolated from Azadirachta indica roots against Alternaria causing early blight of tomato

Ododa,

Githae,

Muraya

2023

Petrop

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Many medicinal plants are reported to host a myriad of beneficial endophytic microbes. Among the well-known medicinal plants is Azadirachta indica (Neem; Family Meliaceae), which has gained worldwide importance due to its extensive array of therapeutic and insecticidal qualities. The use of A. indica extracts in the treatment of plant pathogens has been the subject of extensive investigation, but its endophytic microbes as potential biocontrol agents have received very little attention. In this study, the efficacy of endophytic fungi isolated from A. indica roots against Alternaria, which causes tomato early blight, was examined. Isolation and characterization of Alternaria species and endophytic fungi were done in the laboratory using standard procedures. An in-vitro assay of the endophytic fungi isolates against Alternaria was conducted in a complete randomized design in order to determine the percentage zone of inhibition. The colonies of Alternaria isolates were fast-growing, black to grayish-brown, and suede-like. The conidial length from different isolates was statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) and ranged from 15 μm to 46 μm. The conidial widths were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) and ranged from 8 μm to 15 μm, while the conidial area ranged from 120 μm to 690 μm. A total of seven species of endophytes were isolated from the root of Azadirachta indica: Phoma, Actinomycetes, Chaetomium, Trichoderma, Verticillium, Penicillium, and Fusarium. There was a significant difference in the zones of inhibition (p ˂ 0.05), which ranged from 0.0 mm (Actinomycetes) to 3.44 mm (Trichoderma). These isolates could be used to create brand-new organic antifungal substances that are efficient against a variety of plant fungal pathogens.

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Endophytes: Role and Functions in Crop Health

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Biofertilizers for Sustainable Crop Production: The Past, Present, and Future

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Biofertilizers for Sustainable Crop Production: The Past, Present, and Future

16S rRNA gene‐based identification and plant growth‐promoting potential of cultivable endophytic bacteria

Efficacy of endophytic fungi isolated from Azadirachta indica roots against Alternaria causing early blight of tomato

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