Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents: elucidating mechanisms in disease suppression

Latz, M.; Jensen, Birgit; Collinge, David B.; Jørgensen, Hans Jørgen Lyngs

doi:10.1080/17550874.2018.1534146

Cited by 200 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The first is based on a direct activity on the pathogenic strain via parasitism and antibiosis (Benhamou et al, 2002;Le Floch et al, 2009) or by competing for nutrients or root niches. Several excellent reviews are available describing these non-plant mediated processes (Fravel et al, 2003;Alabouvette et al, 2009;Vos et al, 2014;Latz et al, 2018). In this review we focus on the other component of biocontrol, the indirect plantmediated resistance response triggered by Fo endophytes, called endophyte-mediated resistance (EMR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum Using Endophyte-Mediated Resistance

2020

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Interactions between plants and the root-colonizing fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental for the host. Fo is infamous for its ability to cause wilt, root-, and foot-rot in many plant species, including many agronomically important crops. However, Fo also has another face; as a root endophyte, it can reduce disease caused by vascular pathogens such as Verticillium dahliae and pathogenic Fo strains. Fo also confers protection to root pathogens like Pythium ultimum, but typically not to pathogens attacking above-ground tissues such as Botrytis cinerea or Phytophthora capsici. Endophytes confer biocontrol either directly by interacting with pathogens via mycoparasitism, antibiosis, or by competition for nutrients or root niches, or indirectly by inducing resistance mechanisms in the host. Fo endophytes such as Fo47 and CS-20 differ from Fo pathogens in their effector gene content, host colonization mechanism, location in the plant, and induced host-responses. Whereas endophytic strains trigger localized cell death in the root cortex, and transiently induce immune signaling and papilla formation, these responses are largely suppressed by pathogenic Fo strains. The ability of pathogenic strains to compromise immune signaling and cell death is likely attributable to their host-specific effector repertoire. The lower number of effector genes in endophytes as compared to pathogens provides a means to distinguish them from each other. Coinoculation of a biocontrol-conferring Fo and a pathogenic Fo strain on tomato reduces disease, and although the pathogen still colonizes the xylem vessels this has surprisingly little effect on the xylem sap proteome composition. In this tripartite interaction the accumulation of just two PR proteins, NP24 (a PR-5) and a b-glucanase, was affected. The Fo-induced resistance response in tomato appears to be distinct from induced systemic resistance (ISR) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR), as the phytohormones jasmonate, ethylene, and salicylic acid are not required. In this review, we summarize our molecular understanding of Fo-induced resistance in a model and identify caveats in our knowledge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum Using Endophyte-Mediated Resistance

2020

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“…Moreover, some of these microorganisms may have the potential to be exploited in disease control as biological alternatives or to complement current control options [17]. If fungal endophytes were to be exploited as a new source of biocontrol agents, it would necessitate a thorough understanding of their behaviour when the pathogen arrives and the disease occurs [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Head Blight Modifies Fungal Endophytic Communities During Infection of Wheat Spikes

et al. 2019

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat heads. It is caused by several species from the genus Fusarium. Several endophytic fungi also colonize wheat spikes asymptomatically. Pathogenic and commensal fungi share and compete for the same niche and thereby influence plant performance. Understanding the natural dynamics of the fungal community and how the pre-established species react to pathogen attack can provide useful information on the disease biology and the potential use of some of these endophytic organisms in disease control strategies. Fungal community composition was assessed during anthesis as well as during FHB attack in wheat spikes during 2016 and 2017 in two locations. Community metabarcoding revealed that endophyte communities are dominated by basidiomycete yeasts before anthesis and shift towards a more opportunistic ascomycete-rich community during kernel development. These dynamics are interrupted when Fusarium spp. colonize wheat spikes. The Fusarium pathogens appear to exclude other fungi from floral tissues as they are associated with a reduction in community diversity, especially in the kernel which they colonize rapidly. Similarly, the presence of several endophytes was negatively correlated with Fusarium spp. and linked with spikes that stayed healthy despite exposure to the pathogen. These endophytes belonged to the genera Cladosporium, Itersonillia and Holtermanniella. These findings support the hypothesis that some naturally occurring endophytes could outcompete or prevent FHB and represent a source of potential biological control agents in wheat.

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“…Endophytes can act inducing resistance, promoting antibiosis and/or competition in consequence of the mutualistic relation with the plant [4]. These processes can occur independently, but the overlap of mechanisms may also happen [5], like is observed in the association of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum against the complex of Fusarium, the control ocurrs by competition and antibiosis [6].…”

Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes Potential Use in Crop Production

Tonial¹,

Nava²,

Gayger³

et al. 2020

Sustainable Crop Production

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The endophytic microorganisms have the potential to improve the yield of agricultural crops. They can be used as biological control, plant growth promoter, or bioremediators. The action of endophytes in controlling phytopathogens, insects, and weeds that harm agriculture may be the result of microbial interactions with other organisms or the production of bioactive metabolites. Also, microorganisms can have the ability to favor plant growth and convert toxic compounds present in the soil. The presence of pollutants in the substrate reduces its quality for plant development, so bioremediation also impacts agricultural production. Therefore, prospecting endophytic microorganisms with agronomic potential may provide sustainable alternatives to increase crop yield.

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Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents: elucidating mechanisms in disease suppression

Cited by 200 publications

References 94 publications

Biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum Using Endophyte-Mediated Resistance

Biocontrol by Fusarium oxysporum Using Endophyte-Mediated Resistance

Fusarium Head Blight Modifies Fungal Endophytic Communities During Infection of Wheat Spikes

Endophytes Potential Use in Crop Production

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