Endophytic fungi from tropical ethnoveterinary plants and their antibacterial efficacy against Pasteurella multocida Capsular Type A strain

Abstract

Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary pathogen causing infections in animals and birds. Nowadays, different reports have described the severity of infections, increasing resistance of micro-organisms to antibiotics, and the contribution of ethnoveterinary practices towards the treatment of various ailments of animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of the ethanolic extracts of endophytic fungi against P. multocida Capsular Type A strains. A total of six endophytic fungi were isolated from two tropical ethnoveterinary plants: Garcinia xanthochymus H. and Polygonum chinense L. The ethanolic extracts of the endophytic fungi were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial activity by the well diffusion method. Besides, we evaluated the treatment of mice with the potent fungal extract and observed the effects in different organs under electron microscopy. Our results showed that four fungi had antimicrobial activity against the selected pathogen. The best antibacterial activity was showed by the extract of the endophytic fungi, Glomerella magna isolated from G. xanthochymus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 46.9 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration of 750 µg/mL. Treatment of mice with the potent fungal extract caused a considerable inhibitory effect on the pathogen growth in vital organs, results that was also confirmed by histopathological studies made by scanning electron microscopy. The present findings indicated that the endophytic fungi G. magna has the potential to provide an effective treatment against infections caused by Pasteurella multocida. However, the isolation of bioactive components needs further investigation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (2): 733-745. Epub 2016 June 01.

Anti-candidal effect of endophytic fungi isolated from Calotropis gigantea

“…PCR amplification and sequencing of ITS rRNA gene was carried out in a 50 μL reaction mixture using primers ITS1 and ITS4 with the following conditions, denatured at 94 °C for 5 min followed by 30 cycles at 94 °C for 1 min, annealing at 52 °C for 30 sec, extension at 72 °C for 1 min, final step was carried out at 72 °C for 10 min (Nath & Joshi, 2016) using PCR Gene Amp 9700 (Applied Biosystems, USA). The amplified ITS rRNA gene was then purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction Spin Kit (QIAGEN, Germany).…”

“…In previous works, there have been some reports on the antimicrobial (Tanaka, Fukushima, Tsujiro, & Fujimori, 1997;Gong & Guo, 2009;Du, Li, Li, Shang, & Wang, 2012), antioxidant (Huang, Chen, Chang, Sheu, & Lin, 2007;Dhankhar, Kumar, Dhankhar, & Yadav, 2012;Nath, Raghunatha, & Joshi, 2012), anti-inflammatory (Deshmukh et al, 2009;Pretsch et al, 2014) activity of the endophytic fungi. Besides, some in vivo studies on the anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other bioactivity (Konrath et al, 2012;Govindappa et al, 2015;Tan et al, 2015) have been evidenced, but in vivo antimicrobial studies on endophytic fungi are very scarce (Peláez et al, 2000;Nath & Joshi, 2016).In the present study, we aimed to identify C. gigantea fungal endophytes and to characterize their anti-candidal activity in an in vivo model. …”

Antioxidant Activity of Total Flavonoids from Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach and Their Bacteriostatic Effect on Pathogenic Bacteria of Broiler Origin

“…It has the effects of detumescence, clearing away heat and toxic materials, activating blood and dissolving stasis, and treating rheumatic pain [2], and flavonoids are the main active components [3,4]. In traditional medicine, P. hydropiper is widely used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, dysentery, pain, excessive menstrual bleeding, and other diseases [5][6][7], while in veterinary clinics, P. hydropiper is mainly used to treat diarrhea and dysentery in livestock or poultry and can also be used to treat uterine bleeding and intestinal parasites in animals, with remarkable curative effects [8][9][10].…”