Endophytic Fungi, Occurrence and Metabolites

Weber, Daniela

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00286-1_8

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…These compounds previously were known only from sclerotia of Claviceps paspali as tremorgenic mycotoxins causing neurological disorders of livestock (Bills et al 1992). Thus the presence of endophytes in plant may be advantageous for the plants and may deter herbivory (Brayford 1990;Hyde and Soytong 2008;Weber 2009;Vesterlund et al 2011).…”

Section: Phomopsis As Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The genus Phomopsis: biology, applications, species concepts and names of common phytopathogens

et al. 2011

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The genus Phomopsis (teleomorph Diaporthe) comprises phytopathologically important microfungi with diverse host associations and a worldwide distribution. Species concepts in Phomopsis have been based historically on morphology, cultural characteristics and host affiliation. This paper serves to provide an overview of the current status of the taxonomy in Phomopsis with special reference to biology, applications of various species, species concepts, future research perspectives and names of common pathogens, the latter being given taxonomic reappraisal. Accurate species identification is critical to understanding disease epidemiology and in developing effective control measures for plant diseases. Difficulties in accurate species identification using morphology have led to the application of alternative approaches to differentiate species, including virulence and pathogenicity, biochemistry, metabolites, physiology, antagonism, molecular phylogenetics and mating experiments. Redefinition of Phomopsis/Diaporthe species has been ongoing, and some species have been redefined based on a combination of molecular, morphological, cultural, phytopathological and mating type data. Rapid progress in molecular identification has in particular revolutionized taxonomic studies, providing persuasive genetic evidence to define the species boundaries. A backbone ITS based phylogenetic tree is here in generated using the sequences derived from 46 type, epitype cultures, and vouchers and is presented as a rough and quick identification guide for species of Phomopsis. The need for epitypification of taxonomic entities and the need to use multiple loci in phylogenies that better reflect species limits are suggested. The account of names of phytopathogens currently in use are listed alphabetically and annotated with a taxonomic entry, teleomorph, associated hosts and disease symptoms, including brief summaries of taxonomic and phylogenetic research. Available type culture information and details of gene sequences derived from type cultures are also summarized and tabulated.

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Section: Phomopsis As Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 96%

The genus Phomopsis: biology, applications, species concepts and names of common phytopathogens

et al. 2011

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“…If pathogenic fungi can exist as latent pathogens in seaweeds, they can be harnessed to control undesirable and invasive seaweeds which are detrimental to marine ecosystems (Anderson 2007). Plant endophytes are known to produce numerous bioactive compounds including those elaborated by their hosts (Stierle et al 1993;Weber 2009). Though many seaweeds produce antibacterial, antiviral and cytotoxic compounds (Kamenarska et al 2009), there is no information on how their synthetic ability is affected by the presence of fungal endosymbionts.…”

Section: Lessons From Fungal Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Endosymbionts of Seaweeds

Suryanarayanan

2011

Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology

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Seaweeds are being studied for their role in supporting coastal marine life and nutrient cycling and for their bioactive metabolites. For a more complete understanding of seaweed communities, it is essential to obtain information about their interactions with various other components of their ecosystem. While interactions of seaweeds with herbivores such as fish and mesograzers and surface colonizers such as bacteria and microalgae are known, their interactions with marine and marine-derived fungi are little understood. This chapter highlights the need for investigations on the little-known ecological group of fungi, viz. the fungal endosymbionts, that have intimate associations with seaweeds.

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“…Most of them are known as successful plant endophytes, while some of them cause diseases on rainforest plants such as banana or tea trees (Maharachchikumbura et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2012). Lately, this group of fungi has spurred great interest amongst researchers for their ability to produce a wealth of bioactive secondary metabolites (Weber, 2009;Xu et al, 2010;Maharachchikumbura et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2012). Notably, chemicals with novel structure, chloropupukeananin and pestalamide A, isolated from P. fici and P. theae exhibited strong anti-HIV-1 effects at the stage of viral replication (Ding et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Melanin is required for the formation of the multi-cellular conidia in the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora

Liang

Liu

et al. 2015

Microbiological Research

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Melanin plays an important role in regulating various biological processes in many fungi. However, its biological role in conidiation remains largely elusive. We report here that conidia production, morphogenesis, integrity, germination and their viability in Pestalotiopsis microspora require the polyketide-derived melanin. A polyketide synthase gene, pks1, was identified and demonstrated responsible for melanin biosynthesis in this fungus. A targeted deletion mutant strain Δpks1 displayed a defect in pigmentation of conidia and had an albino colonial phenotype. Interestingly, Δpks1 produced approximately 6-fold as many conidia as the wild type did, suggesting a negative modulation of melanin on conidia production in this fungus. Moreover, the conidia failed to develop into the normal five-cell morphology, rather the three main-body cells separated via constriction at the original septum position to generate three independent mutant conidia. This result suggests a novel role of melanin in the formation of the multi-cellular conidia. Germ tubes could develop from the three different types of mutant conidia and kept elongating, despite a significantly lower germination rate was observed for them. Still more, the unpigmented conidia became permeable to Calcofluor White and DAPI, suggesting the integrity of the conidia was impaired. Deliberate inhibition of melanin biosynthesis by a specific inhibitor, tricyclazole, led to a similar phenotypes. This work demonstrates a new function of fungal melanin in conidial development.

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Endophytic Fungi, Occurrence and Metabolites

Cited by 20 publications

References 157 publications

The genus Phomopsis: biology, applications, species concepts and names of common phytopathogens

The genus Phomopsis: biology, applications, species concepts and names of common phytopathogens

Fungal Endosymbionts of Seaweeds

Melanin is required for the formation of the multi-cellular conidia in the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora

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