Endorphin and MSH in concert form the corticotropic principle released by tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; Teleostei) melanotropes

Balm, P.H.M.; Hovens, M.L.M.; Bonga, S.E. Wendelaar

doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)00204-j

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Plasma levels of cortisol are increased in response to stress (see Barton, 1997;. In brown trout (Salmo trutta) and tilapia, plasma levels of α-MSH are also increased by stress (Sumpter et al, 1985;Balm et al, 1995). Plasma cortisol levels in the cannulated trout in this study were essentially similar to the basal levels observed in the previous study (Sumpter et al, 1985), suggesting that intra-arterial injection of the hormones and blood sampling was done under minimum stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Desacetyl-α-MSH on Lipid Mobilization in the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

et al. 2000

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Desacetyl-α-MSH on Lipid Mobilization in the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

et al. 2000

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“…In teleosts, -endorphin and -MSH alone or in concert display corticotrophic activity in some species (Lamers et al 1992, Balm et al 1995. Recently, in carp, the presence of a corticotrophic factor in the pituitary PI was confirmed, but this factor was neither -MSH nor -endorphin, alone or in concert (van den Burg et al 2003).…”

Section: Innervation Of the Teleost Pituitary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterisation of a cyprinid (Cyprinus carpio L.) CRH, CRH-BP and CRH-R1, and the role of these proteins in the acute stress response

Huising¹,

Metz²,

Schooten³

et al. 2004

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

168

118

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We elucidated the structure of the principle factors regulating the initiation of the acute stress response in common carp: corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH-receptor 1 (CRH-R1) and CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP). Phylogenetic analyses reveal that these proteins are evolutionarily well conserved in vertebrates. CRH and CRH-BP expression are not co-localised in the same hypothalamic perikarya. On the contrary, CRH-BP expression is limited to the perimeter of the nucleus preopticus (NPO), but is abundant in other regions, including an area directly rostral from, and in close proximity to, the NPO. Despite the lack of co-expression, the nerve fibres projecting onto both the rostral pars distalis (rPD) as well as the large fibre bundles projecting onto the pars intermedia (PI) contain CRH as well as CRH-BP, suggesting that both ACTH release from the rPD as well as the release of PI melanotrope content is regulated via CRH and CRH-BP. Finally, we show via real-time quantitative PCR that expression of hypothalamic CRH and CRH-BP following a 24 h restraint significantly increases, whereas PD CRH-R1 expression decreases; this reflects desensitisation of the PD for hypothalamic CRH output. We conclude that these factors are actively involved in the regulation of acute stress responses in the teleost fish.

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“…-MSH appears to be a less likely cortisol secretagogue at this stage of development, because the most corticotrophic form (di-acetylated -MSH; Balm et al 1995) was not present in these larvae. In addition to ACTH and -MSH, other neuroendocrine factors, such as acetylcholine and atrial natriuretic peptide (Kloas et al 1994), may be involved because, as in mammals and other teleosts, the control of cortisol release in carp is multifactorial.…”

Section: Functional Development Of the Hpi Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress responsiveness of the pituitary-interrenal axis during early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Stouthart

Lucassen²,

Strien³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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Whole-body levels of ACTH, -MSH and cortisol in eggs and larvae of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were determined periodically up until 168 h after fertilisation. ACTH, -MSH and cortisol immunoreactivity was detected in unfertilised eggs, and endogenous production of ACTH and -MSH was observed 24 h after fertilisation and that of cortisol 36 h after fertilisation. ACTH immunoreactivity reached peak levels before hatching (56-72 h after fertilisation) and remained relatively stable thereafter, while -MSH immunoreactivity started to increase after hatching. At 36 h after fertilisation, wholebody cortisol levels increased rapidly reaching peak levels at the end of hatching (72 h after fertilisation), remaining stable until the end of the experiment. From 50 h after fertilisation onwards, embryos and larvae increased their whole-body cortisol levels when subjected to handling (mechanical pressure during egg stage or netting during the larval stage). It is concluded that the pituitaryinterrenal axis in carp is fully functional at the time of hatching. No indications of a stress non-responsive period after hatching were observed.To characterise ACTH and -MSH immunoreactivities in carp larvae, whole-body homogenates were analysed by HPLC, with pituitary homogenates of adult carp serving as a reference. ACTH and -MSH immunoreactivity in carp larvae homogenates consisted of three and two products respectively. HPLC of adult carp pituitaries revealed the presence of two ACTH immunoreactive products, which may represent a phosphorylated and a non-phosphorylated ACTH variant, while the three -MSH peaks most likely represent des-acetylated, mono-acetylated and di-acetylated -MSH, the latter being the predominant form. In carp larvae, however, one of the ACTH immunoreactive products co-eluted with the non-phosphorylated ACTH, while the two -MSH products identified co-eluted with des-acetylated and mono-acetylated -MSH, indicating that POMC processing at this stage of development is different from prohormone processing in adult fish.

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Endorphin and MSH in concert form the corticotropic principle released by tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; Teleostei) melanotropes

Cited by 48 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Desacetyl-α-MSH on Lipid Mobilization in the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Effects of Desacetyl-α-MSH on Lipid Mobilization in the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Structural characterisation of a cyprinid (Cyprinus carpio L.) CRH, CRH-BP and CRH-R1, and the role of these proteins in the acute stress response

Stress responsiveness of the pituitary-interrenal axis during early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

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