Endoscopic Aortic Valve Replacement: Initial Outcomes of Isolated and Concomitant Surgery

Pushing the Boundaries in Totally Endoscopic Cardiac Surgery: Combined Triple Valve Surgery and Ascending Aorta Replacement

“…1 In several high-volume centers, ECS is already the standard technique for valvulopathies. However, the ECS approach for multiple valve surgery, due to its complexity, is adopted in few centers, 2–5 whereas endoscopic ascending aorta replacement (AAR) has not yet been described in the literature.…”