Endoscopic Papillary Dilation (EPD) for the Treatment of Common Bile Duct Stones and Papillary Stenosis

Small sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation versus sphincterotomy

“…In addition, it permanently destroys the biliary sphincter, which can lead to chronic complications, such as duodenal biliary reflux, bacterial contamination, and chronic inflammation of the biliary system [11] . EBD was introduced by Staritz et al [5] in 1983 as an alternative method for the removal of bile duct stones. The main advantage of this technique is that it does not involve cutting the biliary sphincter, therefore preserving its function.…”

“…Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is accepted as the standard management for stone removal from the bile duct, but it is associated with serious complications such as hemorrhage, pancreatitis, perforation, and recurrent infection of the bile duct, which cause permanent functional loss of the sphincter of Oddi [1][2][3][4] . Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EBD) was introduced by Staritz et al [5] and has been accepted widely as an alternative to EST [6][7][8][9][10] . It has similar outcomes for common bile duct stone removal compared to EST, and has the advantages over EST of preserving papillary sphincter function and causing minimal complications such as hemorrhage and perforation [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] .…”

Small sphincterotomy combined with papillary dilation with large balloon permits retrieval of large stones without mechanical lithotripsy

“…It has many early complications including www.wjgnet.com bleeding, pancreatitis, and perforation [2�11] . �onsurgical alternatives, including EPD by balloon [12] 12] ] , and medical sphincter dilation by nitroglycerin spray or drip infusion have also been described [3,13] . �hese dilation methods have �hese dilation methods have some limitations in regard to the size and number of stones [14] .…”

Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation vs. Sphincterotomy in Cases of Calcular Obstructive Jaundice during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography

“…As an alternative method to ES, endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) was described by Staritz et al for the management of CBD stones [5]. Removal of large stones may be challenging when using EBD alone.…”