Endoscopic Periosteal Brow Lift: Evaluation and Follow-Up of Eyebrow Height

Graf, Ruth; Tolazzi, André Ricardo Dall’Oglio; Mansur, Alexandre Elias Contin; Teixeira, Viviane

doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000298111.56163.3b

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…He found that the great majority of patients had an average of 2.5 mm higher eyebrows 5 years postoperatively compared to 1 year after surgery. Graf [35] also determined a progressive spontaneous increase in eyebrow height. Additionally, this elevation started in the medial portion of the brows.…”

Section: Pitfallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aesthetic analysis of the ideal eyebrow shape and position

Yalçınkaya¹,

Cingi

Söken

et al. 2014

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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The aesthetic importance of the eyebrow has been highlighted for centuries. In this paper, we investigated ideal eyebrow. Eyebrows and eyelids, varies among different races, ages and genders. It is considered to be of primary importance in facial expression and beauty. We present one form of the ideal eyebrow aesthetic and discuss methods of optimising surgical results. For the modern acceptable concept of the ideal brow, the medial brow should begin on the same vertical plane as the lateral extent of the ala and the inner canthus and end laterally at an oblique line drawn from the most lateral point of the ala through the lateral canthus. The medial and lateral ends of the brow lie approximately at the same horizontal level. The apex lies on a vertical line directly above the lateral limbus. Individual perceptions and expectations also differ from person to person. The brow should over lie the orbital rim in males and be several millimetres above the rim in female. Male tend to have a heavier, thicker brow with a little arch present. There are some pitfalls in brow aesthetics. Overelevation creates an unnatural, surprised and unintelligent look which is the most common surgical mistake in brow lifting. Medial placement of the brow peak would create an undesired 'surprised' appearance. Moreover, a low medial brow with a high lateral peak induces an angry look. Overresection of the medial brow depressors may lead to widening and elevation of the medial brow, which creates an insensitive look and can also lead to glabellar contour defects. It is impossible to define an ideal eyebrow that is suitable for every face. However, one must consider previously described criteria and other periorbital structures when performing a brow surgery.

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Section: Pitfallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aesthetic analysis of the ideal eyebrow shape and position

Yalçınkaya¹,

Cingi

Söken

et al. 2014

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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“…Romo et al 17 compared rabbits subjected to subperiosteal coronal rhytidectomy with skin resection and, using an absorbable screw fastener endoscopically and without skin resection, they Graf et al 7 analyzed a group of 72 patients who underwent endoscopic frontal rhytidectomy and found that in 38 patients analyzed between 3.5 and 8.5 months, there was a progressive and spontaneous elevation of the medial, central, and lateral areas in both eyebrows and saw the same effect in another 24 patients studied between 3.5 and 24 months. In this study, was found spontaneous stretch in the control group and the Sham group already present in the immediate postoperative period, which progressed by days 3 and 7, when it reached its peak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental model for the study of soft tissue fixation methods on skin-pericranium flaps in rats

Cavazana

Cuman²,

Takeshita³

et al. 2013

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:To develop an experimental model to study and radiologically monitor displacement of skin flaps in the pericranium of rats subjected to traction and surgical fixation using suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl TM ) surgical adhesive. METHODS:Radiological markers were placed in the subcutis of Wistar rats undergoing subperiosteal detachment of the pericranium with pulling and fixation of the flap. We performed radiography on postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS:Qualitative analysis of the data indicated that the flaps in the surgical adhesive group remained in place with no change from the immediate postoperative position. However, the flaps in the suture anchored in the skull bone tunnel group and in the control group showed similar healing, with a loss of attachment of 9.7% and 22%, respectively, compared with the immediate postoperative position.There was no quantitative difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS:This experimental model created acceptable experimental conditions for testing different soft tissue fixation methods.The use of tissue fixatives contributed to better placement of pericranium-cutaneous flaps, and surgical adhesive was superior to suture anchor in the skull bone tunnel for fixation of pericranium-cutaneous flaps.

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“…69 In fact, some investigators found that eyebrow position continued to elevate during the first few postoperative months. 70,71 This was attributed to unopposed action of the frontalis muscle since the brow depressors were resected and the medial brow periosteum was released.…”

Section: Outcomes Of Endoscopic Forehead Midface Liftmentioning

confidence: 99%