Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of the Adrenal Glands: Analysis of 21 Patients

Puri, Rajesh; Thandassery, Ragesh B.; Choudhary, Narendra S.; Kotecha, Hardik; Misra, Smruti Ranjan; Bhagat, Suraj; Paliwal, Manish; Madan, Kaushal; Saraf, Neeraj; Sarin, Haimanti; Guleria, Mridula; Sud, Randhir

doi:10.5946/ce.2015.48.2.165

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a hyperechoic mass in the region of adrenal gland (Lam et al 1997, Sharma et al 1998, Milathianakis et al 2002, Patel et al 2011. Recently, Puri and coworkers have reported the use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine aspiration on a patient with adrenal lipoma (Puri et al 2015). However, no detail information was reported in …”

Section: Adrenal Lipomamentioning

confidence: 94%

Lipomatous tumours in adrenal gland: WHO updates and clinical implications

Lam¹

2017

Endocrine-Related Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adrenal lipomatous tumour is a group of adrenal tumours with a significant component of adipose tissue. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of endocrine organs, adrenal myelolipoma is the only entity amongst the group of tumours being described. In the literature, other more recently documented adrenal lipomatous tumours included 24 lipomas, 32 teratomas and 16 angiomyolipomas. Rare fatty tumours of the adrenal gland comprised liposarcoma, hibernoma, adrenocortical tumours with fat component and rare adrenal tumours with fat component. Myelolipoma comprises approximately 3% of primary adrenal tumour. It is noted more commonly in females and in the right adrenal gland. Approximately 40 bilateral myelolipomas were reported. The tumour is most frequently recorded in patients between fifth and seventh decades of life. Adrenal lipomas are often seen in males and in the right adrenal gland. They were commonly noted in patients in the sixth decade of life. The diagnosis could only be possible on examination of the surgically removed specimen. Adrenal teratomas were more common in females and with a bimodal age distribution. Slightly over 60% of the patients with adrenal teratoma are symptomatic. Adrenal angiomyolipomas were often symptomatic, more common in females and in the fifth decades of life. To conclude, adrenal lipomatous tumour is uncommon. They are often benign and non-functional. It is important to recognize the features of this group of lipomatous tumours in the adrenal gland as they are being detected on increasing incidence as a result of the wide-spread use of modern imaging modalities.

show abstract

Section: Adrenal Lipomamentioning

confidence: 94%

Lipomatous tumours in adrenal gland: WHO updates and clinical implications

Lam¹

2017

Endocrine-Related Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inclusion criteria and definition of reference standard differed from the imaging meta-analysis mainly in population selection criteria (as adrenal biopsy is not indicated in incidentaloma population but rather in patients at high risk for malignancy) and in reference standard (where we accepted imaging and clinical follow-up in addition to histopathology, as most metastases would not undergo adrenalectomy). We identified 32 studies (90,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140) with a total of 2174 patients which reported at least one outcome of interest (complication rate, nondiagnostic rate, diagnostic accuracy parameters). Of these, only 8 studies (90,126,127,130,131,132,133,140) were included for the diagnostic accuracy analysis, reasons for exclusion being lack of any or optimal reference standard for at least 50% patients (n = 20) and more than 30% patients with nonadenomas in benign cohort (n = 4).…”

Section: Value Of An Adrenal Biopsy (Question 1b)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors

Fassnacht

Arlt

Bancos

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

1,339

1,571

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By definition, an adrenal incidentaloma is an asymptomatic adrenal mass detected on imaging not performed for suspected adrenal disease. In most cases, adrenal incidentalomas are nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas, but may also represent conditions requiring therapeutic intervention (e.g. adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hormone-producing adenoma or metastasis). The purpose of this guideline is to provide clinicians with best possible evidence-based recommendations for clinical management of patients with adrenal incidentalomas based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system. We predefined four main clinical questions crucial for the management of adrenal incidentaloma patients, addressing these four with systematic literature searches: (A) How to assess risk of malignancy?; (B) How to define and manage low-level autonomous cortisol secretion, formerly called 'subclinical' Cushing's syndrome?; (C) Who should have surgical treatment and how should it be performed?; (D) What follow-up is indicated if the adrenal incidentaloma is not surgically removed? Selected recommendations: (i) At the time of initial detection of an adrenal mass establishing whether the mass is benign or malignant is an important aim to avoid cumbersome and expensive follow-up imaging in those with benign disease. (ii) To exclude cortisol excess, a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test should be performed (applying a cut-off value of serum cortisol ≤50 nmol/L (1.8 µg/dL)). (iii) For patients without clinical signs of overt Cushing's syndrome but serum cortisol levels post 1 mg dexamethasone >138 nmol/L (>5 µg/dL), we propose the term 'autonomous cortisol secretion'. (iv) All patients with '(possible) autonomous cortisol' secretion should be screened for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, to ensure these are appropriately treated. (v) Surgical treatment should be considered in an individualized approach in patients with 'autonomous cortisol secretion' who also have comorbidities that are potentially related to cortisol excess. (vi) In principle, the appropriateness of surgical intervention should be guided by the likelihood of malignancy, the presence and degree of hormone excess, age, general health and patient preference. (vii) Surgery is not usually indicated in patients www.eje-online.org European Journal of Endocrinology175:2 G2 Clinical Practice Guideline M Fassnacht and others ESE and ENSAT guideline on adrenal incidentalomawith an asymptomatic, nonfunctioning unilateral adrenal mass and obvious benign features on imaging studies. We provide guidance on which surgical approach should be considered for adrenal masses with radiological findings suspicious of malignancy. Furthermore, we offer recommendations for the follow-up of patients with adrenal incidentaloma who do not undergo adrenal surgery, for those with bilateral incidentalomas, for patients with extra-adrenal malignancy and adrenal masses and for young and elderly patients with adrenal inciden...

show abstract

“…3 Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) overcomes these limitations due to proximity to target structures (adrenals), is safe and easy to perform in the experienced hands and has good diagnostic accuracy. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In this paper, we report ten cases of adrenal histoplasmosis diagnosed by EUS-guided FNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal histoplasmosis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration: experience of 10 patients

Singh¹

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:There have been sporadic reports of histoplasmosis from India. Although traditionally considered a disease of immunocompromised hosts, immunocompetent patients presenting with adrenal histoplasmosis have been reported. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) provides easy and safe approach to adrenal glands for fine needle aspiration. Methods: We report 10 cases of adrenal histoplasmosis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided FNA. The mean age at diagnosis was 54 ± 9 years, all were males. Eight patients were immunocompetent while two had cirrhosis; none of them was retrovirus positive. All patients presented with fever and weight loss, 8 had bilateral adrenal enlargement while 2 had isolated left adrenal enlargement. EUS features included hypoechoic (30%) or heteroechoic (70%) adrenal glands, presence of hypoechoic areas suggestive of necrosis within the gland was identified in 40% of these patients. Adrenal insufficiency was present in 1 patient (10%) which persisted even after successful treatment. Conclusion: Adrenal histoplasmosis should be considered even in immunocompetent hosts presenting with constitutional symptoms and adrenal enlargement. EUS guided FNA is a safe and accurate modality for adrenal sampling.

show abstract

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of the Adrenal Glands: Analysis of 21 Patients

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Lipomatous tumours in adrenal gland: WHO updates and clinical implications

Lipomatous tumours in adrenal gland: WHO updates and clinical implications

Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors

Adrenal histoplasmosis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration: experience of 10 patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About